基于WSN的化工厂人员定位系统节点设计

发布时间：2018-06-11 14:47

本文选题：室内定位 + 无线测距　；参考：《杭州电子科技大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近些年化工事故发生率逐年上升，给人身财产都造成了不可挽回的损失。在复杂的化工生产区域中，如何最大限度地减少这些突发事件造成的损失，成了人们日益关切的问题。当事故发生时，如果我们能在第一时间掌握厂区人员分布情况，将有助于快速开展救援搜救工作，极大降低人员伤亡，对挽救人员生命和财产意义重大。文中立足无线传感器网络技术，通过对现有定位技术方案的研究和比较，根据化工厂人员定位的需求，提出一种基于Zigbee网络的室内人员实时定位系统，主要为了解决现有定位系统中存在的系统复杂、成本高和实时性差等问题，并就人员定位系统中的网关，参考节点和盲节点进行了功能实现和实验验证。Zigbee是一种新兴的低功耗，低数据率，低复杂度，低成本，高可靠的无线网络技术，Zigbee的这些特性符合化工厂内人员定位应用的需求。论文主要工作如下：（1）对当前主流室内无线定位技术方案和定位系统结构以及测距方法进行了分析比较，结合化工厂人员定位需求，最终采用Zigbee技术对化工厂人员定位网络进行设计实现。（2）通过对Zigbee技术深入研究，针对上一代Zigbee2006网络存在的不足，采用ZigBee2007/PRO设计了一种基于网络的定位系统结构。该系统结构具有更好的实时性，，适应性，和灵活性等特点，适合化工厂复杂的应用环境。（3）采用模块化思想，利用CC2530射频单片机对网络中的盲节点、参考节点和网关节点的硬件电路进行设计实现。网关节点带有LCD显示与多向按键电路，满足实地配置与调试的需要。盲节点设计中以小型化便于携带和能源的高效利用为目标，通过性能与成本综合比较，最终采用一种倒F型PCB天线，使用可充电锂离子电池作为能量来源。（4）通过对TI公司的Zstack协议栈架构的研究，基于Zstack2007/pro实现了系统盲节点、参考节点和网关的网络组建和节点测距功能，并对节点工作流程进行了详细阐述。（5）针对化工厂室内人员定位系统需求，设计实验对节点进行初步测试。节点采用基于信号强度的RSSI测距方法。室内和室外环境下测距实验的结果表明，节点在通信距离，测距精度，低功耗小型化等方面达到了预期效果，满足室内人员实时定位跟踪的系统需求。最后根据对实验结果的分析，对实验中存在的不足和下一步研究工作提出了可行性建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the incidence of chemical accidents has increased year by year, which has caused irreparable loss to life and property. In the complex chemical production area, how to minimize the loss caused by these unexpected events has become a growing concern. When an accident occurs, if we can grasp the distribution of personnel in the factory area in the first place, it will help to carry out rescue and rescue work quickly and greatly reduce the number of casualties. It is of great significance to save people's lives and property. Based on the wireless sensor network technology, through the research and comparison of the existing positioning technology, according to the needs of the location of chemical plant personnel, This paper presents a real time positioning system for indoor personnel based on Zigbee network, which mainly aims to solve the problems of complex system, high cost and poor real time in the existing positioning system. The reference node and blind node are implemented and verified by experiments. Zigbee is a new wireless network technology with low power consumption, low data rate, low complexity, low cost and high reliability. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) this paper analyzes and compares the current mainstream indoor wireless positioning technology scheme, positioning system structure and ranging methods, and combines with the needs of chemical plant personnel positioning. Finally, Zigbee technology is used to design and implement the location network of chemical plant personnel. (2) through the deep research of Zigbee technology, aiming at the shortcomings of the previous generation Zigbee2006 network, a network-based positioning system structure is designed with ZigBee2007 / pro. The system structure has better real-time, adaptability, flexibility and so on. It is suitable for the complex application environment of chemical plant. It adopts modularization idea and uses CC2530 radio frequency microcontroller to the blind node in the network. The hardware circuit of reference node and gateway node is designed and implemented. The gateway node is equipped with LCD display and multi-directional keystroke circuit to meet the needs of field configuration and debugging. In the blind node design, aiming at miniaturization and efficient utilization of energy, an inverted F type PCB antenna is adopted through comprehensive comparison of performance and cost. Using the rechargeable lithium ion battery as the energy source. (4) based on the research of TI's Zstack protocol stack architecture, the system blind node, reference node and gateway network structure and node ranging function are realized based on Zstack2007 / pro. The node workflow is described in detail. (5) aiming at the requirement of indoor personnel positioning system in chemical plant, an experiment is designed to test the node. The RSSI ranging method based on signal strength is adopted. The results of indoor and outdoor ranging experiments show that the node achieves the desired results in the aspects of communication distance, ranging accuracy and miniaturization of low power consumption, and meets the needs of real-time positioning and tracking system for indoor personnel. Finally, based on the analysis of the experimental results, some feasible suggestions are put forward for the deficiency of the experiment and the further research work.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TN929.5;TQ086

【参考文献】