基于聚丙烯反应装置的安全性分析

发布时间：2018-06-11 21:02

本文选题：SDG-HAZOP + 层次分析法　；参考：《武汉工程大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：现今世界石油化工企业生产规模越来越大，更是我国国民经济的支柱产业之一，在国民经济产业中占有重要地位。然而石化企业所涉及到的危险有害物质和能量也在不断的增多，且系统中的生产设备管线繁多、操作复杂、工艺过程连续性强，自动化程度高等特点。因此，，系统中的事故隐患的种类极为繁杂，稍有不慎就会产生非常严重的事故后果，预防事故的发生就显得尤为的重要。在合成树脂中，聚丙烯是发展最快的产品之一，是具有广泛用途的聚合物原料。然而丙烯聚合反应装置常常是在较高的温度和压力下进行的强放热的化学反应，所使用的原料、添加剂、助催化剂，如丙烯、氢气、三乙基铝等，具有自燃点低、爆炸极限宽等特点，是易燃、易爆和有毒物质。因此，提高工艺过程安全性对保证丙烯聚合反应装置安全、稳定运行至关重要。本文主要是针对纯定性分析与推理的SDG-HAZOP分析结果出现冗繁、主次不清等问题。层次分析法（Analytic Hierarchy Process，AHP）传统的1～9比例标度不合理的基础上，比较1～9标度、9／9～9／1标度、10／10～18／2标度、指数标度等四种标度，从中选取最优标度。提出了基于改进标度层次分析法的SDG-HAZOP一种安全综合定量评价模型。以中石化武汉分公司的聚丙烯生产装置为应用背景，运用基于改进标度层次分析法的SDG-HAZOP综合评价模型对丙烯聚合反应生产工艺进行安全分析，计算SDG-HAZOP各个危险路径的相对重要度，能有效地对冗繁、主次不清的HAZOP分析结果按危险路径相对重要度大小进行排序，并筛除掉相对重要度小的路径，能比较有针对性的对重要危险隐患提出相应的预防和改进措施。同时，针对SDG-HAZOP分析反应过程高温、高压，易引发火灾爆炸等危险特性，提出基于SDG-HAZOP的FTA定性分析方法对丙烯聚合反应装置生产过程中存在的火灾爆炸危险性进行安全分析，能够全面地识别出该装置存在的安全隐患，揭示系统内固有的或潜在的危险因素，降低装置操作的危险性，预防燃爆事故的发生。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the production scale of petrochemical enterprises in the world is getting larger and larger, and it is one of the pillar industries of our national economy, which occupies an important position in the national economy industry. However, the hazardous and harmful substances and energy involved in petrochemical enterprises are also increasing, and the production equipment and pipelines in the system are various, the operation is complex, the process continuity is strong, and the degree of automation is high. Therefore, the types of hidden dangers of accidents in the system are extremely complicated, and a little carelessness will lead to very serious accident consequences. It is particularly important to prevent accidents. Among synthetic resins, polypropylene is one of the fastest-growing products. Is a widely used polymer raw materials. However, propylene polymerization units are often highly exothermic chemical reactions at higher temperatures and pressures, using raw materials, additives, cocatalysts, such as propylene, hydrogen, triethylaluminum, etc., with low spontaneous ignition points. The explosion limit is wide and so on, is flammable, explosive and toxic substances. Therefore, it is very important to improve the safety of process to ensure the safety and stable operation of propylene polymerization plant. In this paper, the results of SDG-HAZOP analysis based on pure qualitative analysis and reasoning are complicated and unclear. The Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is based on the unreasonable scale of 1 / 9 scale, and compares 9 / 9 / 9 / 1 scale with 10 / 10 / 10 / 18 / 2 scale and 10 / 10 / 18 / 2 scale, and selects the best scale. A kind of SDG-HAZOP safety comprehensive quantitative evaluation model based on improved scale Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is proposed. The application background is polypropylene production plant in Wuhan Branch of Sinopec. Using the SDG-HAZOP comprehensive evaluation model based on the improved scale Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to analyze the safety of propylene polymerization process and calculate the relative importance of each dangerous path of SDG-HAZOP, the redundancy can be effectively studied. The results of HAZOP analysis are classified according to the relative importance of the dangerous path, and the path with less importance can be removed, and the corresponding prevention and improvement measures for the hidden danger can be put forward. In view of the high temperature, high pressure and easy to cause fire and explosion in the reaction process analyzed by SDG-HAZOP, the FTA qualitative analysis method based on SDG-HAZOP is put forward to analyze the fire explosion risk in the production process of propylene polymerization reactor. It can fully identify the hidden danger of the device, reveal the inherent or potential risk factors in the system, reduce the risk of the operation of the device, and prevent the occurrence of the explosion accident.
【学位授予单位】：武汉工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TQ325.14;TQ086.2

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