重大工程建设 在 环境科学与资源利用 分类中 的翻译结果

  本文关键词：重大工程建设中生态安全格局构建基本原则和方法，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

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环境科学与资源利用

重大工程建设

    Principles and methodology for ecological rehabilitation and security pattern design in key project construction

    重大工程建设中生态安全格局构建基本原则和方法

短句来源

    This paper made a systematic analysis on the types and characteristics of key project construction and their effects on the environment,and on the basis of this,brought forward the basic principles and methodology for ecological rehabilitation and security pattern design in this construction.

    本文系统分析了工程建设的类型、特征及其对区域生态环境的影响,在此基础上,提出了重大工程建设中生态恢复与安全格局构建的基本原则和方法.

短句来源

    The interaction between these projects and regional ecological security has particularly attracted the attention of Chinese government.

    这些重大工程建设对区域生态安全的影响,以及区域生态系统演变对工程安全运行的影响成为我国政府关注的重要课题.

短句来源

    By orienting itself toward the national economic development, major construction projects and urbanization, environmental geology has developed rapidly.

    面向国民经济、国家重大工程建设和城市化的快速兴起与发展,环境地质学科得到了迅速发展。

短句来源

    For the major engineering projects which can greatly alter the regional ecological security, their assessment has practical importance.

    对于强烈改变区域生态安全的重大工程建设来说,生态安全评价具有重要现实意义。

短句来源

    It was considered that the following issues should be addressed in the implementation of a key project:1)analysis and evaluation of current regional ecological environment,2)evaluation of anthropogenic disturbances and their ecological risk,3)regional ecological rehabilitation and security pattern design,4)scenario analysis of environmental benefits of regional ecological security pattern,5)re-optimization of regional ecological system framework,and 6)establishment of regional ecosystem management plan.

    认为在工程建设中构建生态安全格局需要从6个方面着手:区域生态环境现状分析与评价、工程建设生态干扰与风险评价、生态安全格局预案构建、区域生态环境效应情景分析、区域生态恢复与安全格局再优化和生态系统管理方案的建立. 讨论了我国重大工程建设中生态安全格局构建面临的突出问题.

短句来源

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The natural conditions of the margin regions of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang is poor, with meager precipitation, a large number of evaporation, drought and frequent wind, most soils have poor fertility and remarkable saline-alkalization. As the national condition in each region is more or less different with others in the investigation areas, especially the variation of soil textures, soil salts and soil nutrients between the different regions, there is the difference of succession and rejuvenescence among vegetation...

The natural conditions of the margin regions of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang is poor, with meager precipitation, a large number of evaporation, drought and frequent wind, most soils have poor fertility and remarkable saline-alkalization. As the national condition in each region is more or less different with others in the investigation areas, especially the variation of soil textures, soil salts and soil nutrients between the different regions, there is the difference of succession and rejuvenescence among vegetation covers. The vegetation cover is low with single plant community composition, high dominance and low diversity in land section of lean soil and serious saline-alkalization. Then, in land section of better soil texture and fertility vegetation cover is relative high with plant community composition of a certain extent of diversity. Under the condition of water resource being short, which is crucial stress factor to affect eco-environmental stability, the vegetation in the regions is difficult to form stable plant community. So, most plant communities are in the process of succession and eco-environment is very fragile. If implementing the development of water and soil resources and the construction of great engineering on this background of eco-environment, some measures must be taken to prevent ecological hazards.

新疆准噶尔盆地边缘部分地段降水少 ,蒸发量大 ,干旱多风 ,土壤肥力低和盐碱化较强 ,自然条件比较恶劣。但不同地貌单元自然条件又不尽相同 ,特别是土壤质地、盐分和养分的差异 ,导致植物群落发生相应变化。在水资源严重匮乏的情况下 ,植被整体呈现出群落组成简单、优势度高、多样性和覆盖度较低等特征。它们所构成的生态环境非常脆弱 ,敏感性很高 ,在水土开发和重大工程建设时必须充分注意这些特点。

Located in north -south directed mountains and valleys in Southwestern China,mainly in Yunnan Province , the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region (LRGR) is a very important ecological corridor between South China and South -East Asian. Ecological changes in this region directly influence Chinese trans -boundary ecological security and resources security. Under the comprehensive conditions of environmental pattern on landform, climate, water, soil, vegetation as well as human activity, corridor phenomena in the south...

Located in north -south directed mountains and valleys in Southwestern China,mainly in Yunnan Province , the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region (LRGR) is a very important ecological corridor between South China and South -East Asian. Ecological changes in this region directly influence Chinese trans -boundary ecological security and resources security. Under the comprehensive conditions of environmental pattern on landform, climate, water, soil, vegetation as well as human activity, corridor phenomena in the south -north direction and barrier functions in the west -east direction have been showed distinctively on ecological economic system in this region. "Corridor-barrier" functions in LRGR are formed mainly by atmospheric circulation and geographical location; the barrier effect of North-South directive mountains to monsoon; and human activities. "Corridor-barrier" functions and its ecological effect in LRGR can be expressed as three major aspects: obviously three dimension distribution laws of vegetation in north-south direction, west-east direction and vertical direction; developed dry valleys and their fragile environments, and diverse ecosystems and their complicated patterns. Vital scientific research questions in this region include: ecological system changes and their driving factors, ecological effects of significant engineering construction projects, and trans -boundary ecological security as well as countermeasures. For better understanding of trans -boundary ecological security and socio -economic condition, ecological -economic regionalization is required to provide a scientific base. Based on macro ecological region system, social-economic indexes are applied to differentiate ecological-economic regions in this paper. The scheme divides the region into three temperature zones, seven natural zones, nineteen natural divisions and fifty-five economic districts.

我国西南纵向岭谷区是我国西南与东南亚极为重要的生态走廊,生态变化直接影响我国跨境生态安全及资源保障。该区南北方向"通道"和东西方向"阻隔"作用的形成主要是由于大气环流、南北走向山脉对季风的阻挡作用和人为作用的影响。其生态效应主要表现为植被分布的三维地带性规律;干旱河谷发育,生态脆弱;生态系统类型多样,格局复杂。"通道-阻隔"作用的形成因素和生态效应亦作用到社会经济活动上。研究表明该区跨境生态安全研究中的重要科学问题:纵向岭谷区生态系统的变化趋势及主驱动力:纵向岭谷区重大工程建设的生态效应;纵向岭谷区的跨境生态安全及调控。为了适应该区跨境生态安全和社会经济发展的需要,必须有一个生态-经济综合区划作为研究基础。本文以生态地理地域系统为基础,引入社会经济指标,对研究区进行生态-经济分区,共划分为三个温度带,7个自然地带,19个自然区和55个经济小区。

Gurbantunggut Desert,with the main dune type of semi-fixed longitudinal dunes,is the second largest desert in China.The sand surface in interdune and on both slopes is stabilized by vegetation and biological crust while there is a mobile belt with 1 040m width on the top of dune.Resent years some great engineering,such as highway,oil field and water channel projects etc.,disturbed the sand surface that affected the desert stabilization directly.This paper,based on a great deal of field work,study on the stability...

Gurbantunggut Desert,with the main dune type of semi-fixed longitudinal dunes,is the second largest desert in China.The sand surface in interdune and on both slopes is stabilized by vegetation and biological crust while there is a mobile belt with 1 040m width on the top of dune.Resent years some great engineering,such as highway,oil field and water channel projects etc.,disturbed the sand surface that affected the desert stabilization directly.This paper,based on a great deal of field work,study on the stability of human disturbed sand surface,main sand disasters to the engineering and vegetation rehabilitation etc.,that will provide the theory basis for both engineering and ecology safety in the desert.Compared with natural ground surface,there is a stronger total surface activity on human disturbed sand surface.However,the straw checkerboard can stabilize it effectively.Without a protection system the engineering projects face the direct threat of sand erosion and deposition.This usually occurs when the cutting heads of the dunes move from north to south and bury the projects.Protection using only straw checkerboards on the disturbed face was largely ineffectual because sand moving along the top of the dune rapidly buried the protective system.Fill from the excavation of the longitudinal dune was placed on the interdune area,leading to the formation of a small but relatively steep sand slope.Although,the fill area was fixed with straw checkboards the steepness of the man-made slope means that this surface is prone to erosion from the dominant northerly winds.The key point of protection should be the cutting head of the longitudinal dune.On the one hand,the high barrier system should be set up on the top of dune in order to decrease wind velocity and block the blown-sand.On the other hand,straw checker-board should cover a significant area along the active belt and decrease the sand source.In the interdune area a gently sloping face should be created on the sand fill.Restoration of vegetation should be implemented after establishing the mechanical protection system.According to the environment conditions of Gurbantunggut Desert,using melting snow and falling water in spring to make artificial forest shelter system following disturbance of engineering is possible.Soil water in arid area is an important limit factor for plant germination and growth and so suitable plant species should be selected in different slopes and different engineering sections.The soil depth layer influenced by precipitation in Gurbantunggut Desert is confined to no more than 60 cm,therefore herbage should be enhanced to a definite level for restoration of vegetation.When planting dwarf trees and shrubs ecological characteristics of different species,their density and irrigation technique should be considered.The biological crust and herbage community layer will recover with time and the stability of artificial forest need further investigate.

古尔班通古特沙漠是中国最大的固定、半固定沙漠,沙丘类型以纵向沙垄为主。沙垄垄间和坡中下部沙面较为稳定,仅在沙垄顶部存在10m~40m宽度不等的流动带,风沙活动规律独特。近年来在沙漠腹地修筑的公路、引水渠等重大工程建设项目,不可避免地造成沙垄切割和保护层破坏,所引发的工程安全和生态安全等问题引起了人们的普遍关注。本文在大量实地观测的基础上,研究重大工程扰动地表后的沙面非稳定性问题、主要工程沙害及植被恢复建设等,以期为古尔班通古特沙漠特殊环境条件下的工程安全和生态恢复提供理论支持。

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  本文关键词：重大工程建设中生态安全格局构建基本原则和方法，，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。