煤岩动力灾害的氡监测技术初探

发布时间：2018-06-26 05:51

本文选题：安全工程 + 氡　；参考：《安全与环境学报》2015年06期

【摘要】：矿井开采深度和强度的逐年增加,致使深部煤与瓦斯突出等煤岩动力灾害变得更为严重,迫切需要有既行之有效又安全可靠的方法来对其进行预测预报。煤岩体的破裂过程伴随能量耗散及放射性核素氡析出,因此,检测氡的变化可以作为一种对煤岩动力灾害的预测方法。先介绍了我国煤矿井下氡的水平,分析了破裂煤岩氡析出异常机理,研究了煤岩放射性核素赋存的影响因素,再利用自主设计的循环式破裂煤岩氡析出测定试验系统,初步研究了煤岩块试样破坏前后的氡析出变化。结果表明,煤岩块试样在破坏前后,氡浓度出现异常变化,破坏后较完整的煤样氡气放射增加50%以上,破坏后较完整的岩样氡气放射增加1倍以上。这表明氡检测技术在煤矿动力灾害探测中具有较好的应用前景。
[Abstract]:As the mining depth and intensity increase year by year, the coal and rock dynamic disasters such as deep coal and gas outburst become more serious. It is urgent to have effective and safe methods to predict them. The fracture process of coal and rock mass is accompanied by energy dissipation and radionuclide radon emission. Therefore, the detection of radon change can be used as a prediction method for dynamic disasters of coal and rock. This paper first introduces the level of radon in coal mines in China, analyzes the abnormal mechanism of radon exhalation from fractured coal and rock, studies the factors affecting the occurrence of radionuclides in coal and rocks, and then makes use of the self-designed experimental system for the determination of radon exhalation from fractured coal and rock. The radon exhalation changes before and after the failure of coal and rock samples are studied preliminarily. The results show that the radon concentration changes abnormally before and after failure, the radon emission of the intact coal samples increases by more than 50% after the destruction, and the radon emission from the intact rock samples increases by more than twice after the destruction. This indicates that radon detection technology has a good application prospect in coal mine dynamic disaster detection.
【作者单位】：河南省瓦斯地质与瓦斯治理重点实验室——省部共建国家重点实验室培训基地;河南理工大学安全科学与工程学院;内蒙古自治区煤炭工业专业技术服务中心;
【基金】：教育部科学技术研究项目(213022A);教育部创新团队项目(IRT1235) 国家重点基础研究发展计划(“973”计划)课题(2012CB723103) 国家自然科学基金项目(51304072)
【分类号】：TD76

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