特种设备重大隐患认定方法及安全监察建议研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 02:47

本文选题：特种设备 + 重大隐患　；参考：《中国地质大学（北京）》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会发展和人民生活水平质量的提高，特种设备在生产科技发展和人们日常生活中扮演者愈来愈重要的角色。特种设备涉及生命安全，且危险性较大，一旦发生事故便可能造成人员死伤和财产损失的严重事故，更有可能造成社会大众的恐慌。我国特种设备的数量随着社会和经济的发展，其数量日益增加，另外特种设备日趋向大型化、高参数、高风险的方向发展，检测人员对特种设备的人均检验量也不断增长，其工作压力日益增加，因此，确保特种设备安全运行，做好重大隐患的排查治理，对于保证经济稳定发展、人们正常生活，预防重特大事故的发生有着非常重要的意义。由于我国针对特种设备并未有明确的特种设备重大隐患的定义。因此为全面系统地对重大隐患进行治理，本文按照“是什么”→“为什么”→“怎么做”的流程顺序对特种设备重大隐患进行研究，即研究特种设备重大隐患的定义、特种设备重大隐患的认定以及特种设备重大隐患的监管。针对特种设备重大隐患的定义研究，本文通过分析我国政府机构对重大隐患定义和国内其他行业对重大隐患定义，同时结合我国特种设备作业特点，最终确定特种设备重大隐患的定义模型，并确定了特种设备的科学定义。针对特种设备重大隐患的认定，本文本着从现实出发，基于风险的思路，根据定义模型对重大隐患进行认定。应用事故统计分析法、事故致因理论规律指向法、法律法规沉淀法得到特种设备关键隐患。同时考虑到特种设备的特点，即其危险性随着设备类型的不同、使用人群的差异而不同，本文建立了“三维两步走”的特种设备分级认定模型，即从特种设备关键隐患的重要程度、设备的固有风险高低和受影响人群的敏感程度的不同三个方面特种设备重大隐患进行分级认定。根据确定的重大隐患的认定模型，本文制定了特种设备重大隐患认定办法。即使我国已经出台了一系列的特种设备安全监察机制，但是现实中对特种设备的安全监察仍然略显捉襟见肘。为了完善我国特种设备安全监察，，本文通过分析国外发达国家的安全监察方法，应用国外借鉴法，对我国的特种设备安全监察提出完善建议。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the improvement of people's living standard, special equipment plays an increasingly important role in the development of production technology and people's daily life. The special equipment involves the life safety, and the danger is great. Once the accident occurs, it may cause the death and injury of the personnel and the serious accident of the property loss, and it may cause the panic of the general public. With the development of society and economy, the number of special equipment in our country is increasing day by day. In addition, the day of special equipment tends to develop in the direction of large scale, high parameter and high risk. The working pressure is increasing day by day, therefore, it is very important to ensure the safe operation of special equipment and to do a good job in the investigation and treatment of major hidden dangers to ensure the stable development of economy, people's normal life and prevent the occurrence of serious and serious accidents. Because our country does not have a clear definition of the major hidden dangers of special equipment for special equipment. Therefore, in order to deal with the major hidden dangers in a comprehensive and systematic way, this paper studies the major hidden dangers of special equipment according to the process sequence of "what is" and "why" and "how to do", that is, to study the definition of major hidden dangers of special equipment. The identification of major hidden dangers of special equipment and the supervision of major hidden dangers of special equipment. Based on the research of the definition of major hidden trouble of special equipment, this paper analyzes the definition of major hidden danger by government agencies and other industries in China, and combines the characteristics of special equipment operation in our country. Finally, the definition model of major hidden trouble of special equipment is determined, and the scientific definition of special equipment is determined. In view of the identification of major hidden trouble of special equipment, this paper, based on the idea of risk and reality, identifies the major hidden danger according to the definition model. The key hidden dangers of special equipment are obtained by means of accident statistical analysis, the method of pointing out the theoretical law of accident cause, and the method of law and regulation precipitation. At the same time, considering the characteristics of special equipment, that is, its danger varies with the type of equipment and the different people using it, this paper establishes a "three-dimensional two-step" model of classification and recognition of special equipment. That is, from three aspects of the importance of the key hidden dangers of special equipment, the inherent risks of the equipment and the sensitivity of the affected people, the major hidden dangers of special equipment are classified and identified. According to the identified model of the major hidden trouble, this paper formulates the method of identifying the major hidden danger of the special equipment. Even though China has introduced a series of special equipment safety supervision mechanism, but in reality, the safety supervision of special equipment is still a little overstretched. In order to improve the safety supervision of the special equipment in our country, this paper, by analyzing the safety supervision methods of the developed countries and applying the foreign reference method, puts forward some suggestions for the safety supervision of the special equipment in our country.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X924.4

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