内河危化品码头安全风险评估与应急管理研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 07:59

本文选题：内河运输 + 危化品码头　；参考：《重庆交通大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：现阶段，由于我国经济发展和消费需求，危化品的产量和运输量不断增加。在各种运输方式中，水路运输依靠国家政策和自身的优势成为危化品运输的主要运输方式，另外危化品自身的多样性、高危险性、高危害性、以及处置的高难度性，使得危化品集散地、运输枢纽港口码头等突发事故风险越来越高，这也引起相关部门和企业的高度重视。内河危化品码头是一个复杂的多因素、多层次的人-机-环境系统，外加船载危化品属于动态危险源，一旦发生事故涉及面广，危害严重。与国外相比，我国的危化品港口管理中存在着职责不明确、运输企业安全意识淡薄、涉及法律法规标准体系不健全、行业管理人员队伍素质较低、设备较落后等诸多问题。因此对内河危化品码头的安全风险评估，，用以提高和改善内河沿线企业的全面安全管理具有一定意义。本文通过对长江重庆段沿线危化品码头运作和管理进行调研，了解内河危化品码头运作，分析各环节作业，并建立指标评价体系评估码头的安全风险，并根据评估结果提出建议以及应急处理方法。主要内容有：第一：概述了国内外危化品运输管理、风险分析管理以及应急管理的研究现状，通过内河危化品运输和码头事故案例分析探讨了事故发生的特点和主要问题，总结了安全风险的影响因素。第二：在分析结果基础上，提取风险因素的主要指标来建立内河危化品码头安全风险评估指标体系。根据评估体系以及内河危化品码头特性选取层次分析与灰色聚类相结合的评估方法。第三：以重庆蓬威石化码头为案例进行安全风险评估，评估后针对内河危化品码头应急管理现状和不足，提出码头一线应急管理的几点建议和措施。评估结果表明，该指标体系评价结果能比较准确和较实际的反映危化品码头的安全风险现状，也是具有良好科学合理性以及可操作性，为相关码头、企业和部门提供参考和支持。最后，本文对所做的工作进行总结，指出一些仍存在的问题，并对未来可深入研究的方向做了展望。
[Abstract]:At present, due to the economic development and consumption demand, the production and transportation of dangerous chemicals are increasing. Among the various modes of transport, waterway transportation depends on national policies and its own advantages to become the main mode of transport of hazardous chemicals. In addition, the diversity, high risk, high harmfulness, and high difficulty of disposal of dangerous chemicals are also the main means of transportation. It makes dangerous chemicals distribution center, transportation hub port and wharf become more and more dangerous, which also attracts the attention of relevant departments and enterprises. Inland dangerous chemicals wharf is a complex multi-factor, multi-level man-machine-environment system, plus shipborne dangerous chemicals belong to the dynamic hazard source, once the accident involves a wide range of serious harm. Compared with foreign countries, there are many problems in the management of dangerous chemicals in our country, such as unclear responsibility, weak safety consciousness of transportation enterprises, imperfect standard system of laws and regulations, low quality of industry management personnel, backward equipment and so on. Therefore, it is of certain significance to evaluate the safety risk of dangerous chemicals terminal of inland river in order to improve and improve the overall safety management of enterprises along the inland river. Through investigating the operation and management of dangerous chemicals wharves along the Chongqing section of the Yangtze River, this paper understands the operation of dangerous chemicals wharves in inland rivers, analyzes the operation of various links, and establishes an index evaluation system to evaluate the safety risks of the terminals. According to the evaluation results, the paper puts forward some suggestions and emergency treatment methods. The main contents are as follows: first, the research status of dangerous chemicals transportation management, risk analysis management and emergency management at home and abroad is summarized. The characteristics and main problems of the accidents are discussed through the case analysis of inland river dangerous chemicals transportation and wharf accidents, and the influencing factors of safety risk are summarized. Secondly, on the basis of the analysis results, the main indexes of risk factors are extracted to establish the safety risk assessment index system of inland river dangerous chemicals wharf. According to the evaluation system and the characteristics of inland river dangerous chemicals wharf, the method of combining AHP and grey clustering is selected. Thirdly, taking Pengwei Petrochemical Wharf in Chongqing as a case to carry out safety risk assessment, aiming at the present situation and deficiency of emergency management of inland river dangerous chemicals wharf, several suggestions and measures for first-line emergency management of wharf are put forward. The evaluation results show that the evaluation results of this index system can accurately and practically reflect the present situation of the safety risk of dangerous chemicals wharf, and also have good scientific rationality and maneuverability, which is related to the wharf. Enterprises and departments provide reference and support. Finally, this paper summarizes the work done, points out some problems that still exist, and looks forward to the direction of further research in the future.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U698

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