微震震源定位的关键因素作用机制及可靠性研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 12:25

本文选题：微震 + 震源定位　；参考：《中国矿业大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：微震监测技术作为一种实时、动态、连续的监测手段，在矿山、石油和边坡等岩土工程中得到了广泛应用。震源定位是微震技术应用的基础，也是国内外研究的重点和热点。震源定位的影响因素及其作用机制、震源定位可靠性评价方法是当前亟需解决的关键科学和技术问题。为此，本文围绕微震震源定位及可靠性评价，采用理论分析、实验室实验、数值模拟、现场试验等方法，研究并揭示了关键因素对震源定位的影响规律和作用机制；建立了微震到达波类型自动识别模型（APSIM）、基于APSIM的单纯形震源定位方法（APSIM-Simplex）和震源定位可靠性综合评价体系（SLRES）；开发了微震定位与可靠性评价系统，，并进行了试验验证和现场应用。实验研究了不同微震台网布设、波速和到时误差对震源定位可靠性的影响规律。结果表明，微震台网内部的震源定位精度高，随着震源远离台网中心，定位精度和稳定性都呈下降趋势；台网对震源定位的影响存在方向性，不同方向上的定位误差和变化特征都不相同，且存在定位精度下降最快的方向。震源定位精度随波速和到时输入误差的增加而降低，并且下降的速率越来越快；不同位置震源定位受输入误差影响不同，台网内部震源受输入误差影响较小，台网边缘和外部的震源受输入误差影响较大。建立了微震震源定位双曲线控制方程（MHGE），分析了震源定位双曲线域的非均匀性几何特性。研究并揭示了微震台网对震源定位的几何扩散效应和方向控制效应，分别构建了两种效应的三维空间量化模型，提出了配对传感器的方向角，确定了空间微震台网的优化布置原则。对比分析了波速和到时误差在震源求解中的传播特性；根据关键双曲线和微震台网形态，监测区域可划分为到时误差主导和波速误差主导的两个不同区域，通常在微震台网内部到时误差是造成定位误差的主导因素，随着震源远离台网中心，波速误差逐渐成为造成定位误差的主导因素。传感器到时之间存在观测到时差值、P波到时差值理论极限和延迟波到时差值理论极限。根据微震台网和监测空间几何特征、到时差值和台站残差，分别构建了到时差值分析表和残差分析表，进而建立了微震到达波类型（P波、S波、延迟波和外部异常波）自动识别模型（APSIM）和基于APSIM的单纯形微震震源定位方法（APSIM-Simplex）。现场试验结果表明，APSIM能够对P波、S波、延迟波和外部异常波四种到达波类型进行有效识别；APSIM-Simplex求解系统稳定，震源定位精度得到了很大的提高。提出了评价震源定位可靠性的事件残差指标、敏感度指标、触发序列指标，确定了各指标的评价准则，建立了震源定位可靠性综合评价体系（SLRES），并进行了实验验证。结果表明，SLRES能够对定位结果进行全面有效评价，评价结果符合实际情况。综合APSIM、APSIM-Simplex和SLRES，开发了微震定位与可靠性评价系统，并进行了现场应用。结果表明，该系统实现了震源的高精度定位，而且能够对震源定位可靠性进行综合评价，满足现场微震监测需求。本文研究成果对进一步提高震源定位精度和微震监测预警的准确性、促进微震监测技术的应用等具有重要理论意义和应用价值。
[Abstract]:As a real time, dynamic and continuous monitoring means, microseismic monitoring technology has been widely used in geotechnical engineering such as mine, oil and slope. The location of seismic source is the basis of the application of microseismic technology, and it is also the focus and hot spot of research at home and abroad. The influencing factors and its mechanism of focal location and its function mechanism are used to evaluate the location reliability of seismic source. The key scientific and technical problems need to be solved urgently. This paper, focusing on the location and reliability evaluation of microseismic source, uses theoretical analysis, laboratory experiment, numerical simulation and field test, and reveals the influence rules and mechanism of the key factors on the location of the source, and establishes an automatic identification model of the type of microseismic to the wave type. APSIM), the APSIM based simplex source location method (APSIM-Simplex) and the comprehensive evaluation system of source location reliability (SLRES); the microseismic positioning and reliability evaluation system is developed, and the test verification and field application are carried out.
The effects of the setting of different microseismic network, wave velocity and time error on the location reliability of the source are studied. The results show that the positioning accuracy of the focal source is high in the microseismic network. With the source far away from the network center, the positioning accuracy and stability are all decreasing, and the influence of the network on the location of the earthquake source exists in the direction and in different directions. The location accuracy decreases with the increase of the wave velocity and the arrival time input error, and the rate of the descent is getting faster and faster. The source location of the seismic source in different locations is affected by the input error, and the input error is less influenced by the input error in the inner part of the network, and the edge of the network and the network. The external seismic source is greatly influenced by the input error.
A microseismic source location hyperbolic control equation (MHGE) is established, and the non-uniform geometric characteristics of the focal location hyperbolic domain are analyzed. The geometric diffusion effect and direction control effect of the microseismic network on the source location are studied. The three-dimensional spatial quantization model of two effects is constructed, and the direction angle of the paired sensor is put forward. The optimal layout principle of the space microseismic network is determined. The propagation characteristics of the wave velocity and the arrival time error in the source solution are compared and analyzed. According to the key hyperbola and microseismic network form, the monitoring area can be divided into two different regions, which are the dominant of the arrival time error and the wave velocity error, and the time error in the microseismic network is caused by the time error. The dominant factor of position error is that the velocity error becomes the dominant factor leading to the location error as the focal point is far away from the center of the network.
The time difference value, the theoretical limit of the P wave to the time difference value and the theoretical limit of the delay wave to the time difference value exist between the sensors. According to the microseismic network and the geometric features of the monitoring space, the arrival time difference and the station residuals, the time difference analysis table and the residual analysis table are constructed respectively, and then the type of microseismic to the wave type (P wave, S wave, delay wave and the delay wave) is established. The external abnormal wave) automatic recognition model (APSIM) and the APSIM based simplex microseismic source location method (APSIM-Simplex). The field test results show that the APSIM can effectively identify four types of P wave, S wave, delay wave and external abnormal wave, and the APSIM-Simplex solution system is stable, and the location accuracy of the source is greatly improved.
The event residual index, the sensitivity index, the trigger sequence index, the evaluation criterion of each index, the comprehensive evaluation system of the source location reliability (SLRES) are established, and the experimental verification is carried out. The results show that the SLRES can make a comprehensive and effective evaluation of the location result, and the result accords with the actual situation. Condition.
Integrated APSIM, APSIM-Simplex and SLRES, the microseismic positioning and reliability evaluation system has been developed and applied in the field. The results show that the system realizes the high precision positioning of the source, and can comprehensively evaluate the location reliability of the seismic source, and meet the needs of the field microseismic monitoring.
The results of this paper have important theoretical significance and application value to further improve the accuracy of focal location and the accuracy of microseismic monitoring and early warning, and to promote the application of microseismic monitoring technology.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TD76

【参考文献】