基于无线传感器网络的煤矿监测系统研发

发布时间：2018-07-17 03:52

【摘要】：煤矿监测系统是煤矿安全生产中的重要环节。科学技术的进步和煤矿安全生产的需要，推动着煤矿监测系统向智能化和网络化发展。但传统的煤矿监测系统存在许多弊端，已不能满足新时代煤矿开采的需求。本文在校企合作项目“煤矿监测系统”研究基础上，，以无线传感器网络技术应用为背景，并针对当前煤矿监控系统存在的监测节点少、网络扩展难、实时稳定性差、通信技术落后等问题，设计了一套基于无线传感器网络的煤矿监测系统。该系统通过设计传感器节点和基站两个主要部分来完成监测功能，其中传感器节点负责环境数据采集，基站负责数据传输与处理。传感器节点与基站的数据通信，通过一种静态无线路由通信方式实现。整个系统设计采用无线与CAN总线双重覆盖的数据传输体系，并将无线技术、传感器技术、嵌入式技术及网络技术融合在一起。这种设计方式打破传统监测系统布线限制，增强了系统布网灵活性及网络实时性，提高了数据传输稳定性，为煤矿安全生产提供了保障。本文创新点有： (1)通过硬件开关电路设计及软件能量动态管理方式，使得传感器节点在一次采集工作完成后，MCU及无线芯片即时进入低功耗睡眠状态，各传感器供电电路与A/D参考电源电路即时断开，实现传感器节点的极低功率消耗。 (2)考虑实际应用的经济效益，对整个系统的芯片选型、电路设计及尺寸大小进行成本规划控制，保障基站和传感器节点的低成本设计。在对高频PCB电磁兼容性进行深入研究的基础上，将相关高频电路设计经验运用到煤矿监测系统设计中，保障基站和传感器节点在矿井复杂工作环境下的稳定性； (3)为实现基站的多任务调度管理，向基站MCU中移植一个μC/OS-II系统，保障了基站运行的高实时性与高稳定性。针对传统监测系统数据传输单一通信方式存在的网络拥堵、线路依赖等问题，采用CAN总线与无线双重覆盖的数据传输体系，提高了系统的实时性、稳定性及布网灵活性； (4)针对传感器节点及基站安装位置固定的特性，提出一种静态无线路由通信方式，传感器节点可自由加入或退出网络，增强了系统的扩展性与可维护性。在结合煤矿巷道实际应用背景下，提出改进型的LEACH算法。仿真实验结果表明该算法具有更低网络时延及更长网络存活时间。本文设计的“基于无线传感器网络的煤矿监控系统”已在山西省的一个小型煤矿中初步测试验收。测试结果证实了方案的可行性与系统的稳定性，为下一步在煤矿中推广应用奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:Coal mine monitoring system is an important link in coal mine safety production. The progress of science and technology and the need of coal mine safety production promote the development of coal mine monitoring system to intelligence and network. However, the traditional coal mine monitoring system has many drawbacks, which can not meet the needs of coal mining in the new era. Based on the research of "Coal Mine Monitoring system", a cooperative project between school and enterprise, this paper takes the application of wireless sensor network as the background, and aims at the fact that the current coal mine monitoring system has few monitoring nodes, difficult network expansion and poor real-time stability. A coal mine monitoring system based on wireless sensor network is designed. The monitoring function is accomplished by designing the sensor node and the base station. The sensor node is responsible for environmental data collection and the base station is responsible for data transmission and processing. The data communication between sensor node and base station is realized by a static wireless routing communication. The design of the whole system adopts wireless and can bus dual coverage data transmission system, and combines wireless technology, sensor technology, embedded technology and network technology together. This design method breaks the limitation of the traditional monitoring system, enhances the flexibility and real-time of the system, improves the stability of data transmission, and provides a guarantee for the safety of coal mine production. The innovations of this paper are as follows: (1) through the design of hardware switch circuit and the dynamic management of software energy, the sensor node can enter the low power sleep state immediately after a collection work is completed. The sensor power supply circuit and the A / D reference power supply circuit are disconnected immediately to realize the extremely low power consumption of the sensor node. (2) considering the economic benefit of the practical application, the chip selection of the whole system is made. The circuit design and size are controlled by cost planning to ensure the low cost design of base station and sensor node. Based on the deep research on electromagnetic compatibility of high frequency PCB, the design experience of high frequency circuit is applied to the design of coal mine monitoring system to ensure the stability of base station and sensor node in complex working environment of mine. (3) in order to realize the multitask management of the base station, a 渭 C / OS-II system is transplanted to the MCU of the base station, which ensures the high real-time and high stability of the base station. Aiming at the problems of network congestion and line dependence existing in the single communication mode of data transmission in traditional monitoring system, can bus and wireless dual coverage data transmission system are adopted to improve the real-time, stability and network layout flexibility of the system. (4) aiming at the fixed installation position of sensor nodes and base stations, a static wireless routing communication mode is proposed. Sensor nodes can join or exit the network freely, which enhances the expansibility and maintainability of the system. Based on the practical application of coal mine roadway, an improved Leach algorithm is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has lower network delay and longer network survival time. The "Coal Mine Monitoring system based on Wireless Sensor Network" has been tested and accepted in a small coal mine in Shanxi Province. The test results confirm the feasibility of the scheme and the stability of the system, and lay a foundation for further application in coal mines.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TD76

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