基于云环境的重大危险源灾害时期应急救援路线优化与抉择研究

发布时间：2018-08-06 08:56

【摘要】：为了更加安全的生产环境,安全生产监管工作要始终以保障人民群众的生命财产安全,维护社会稳定,促进国民经济健康、快速以及可持续的发展作为首要的任务和宗旨,以尽可能提高安全管理水平。在当前科学技术飞速发展及经济全球化的大背景下,安全生产监督管理工作将不断面临新问题和新情况,因而,如何实现我省乃至我国生产安全动态监督管理,创新出适合我国国情的管理模式已成为迫切需要解决的课题。生产安全事故突发时,确定事故的影响范围以及应急救援路线的规划是指导救援物资高效调配,有效开展应急救援,实现最大限度地降低人员伤亡和财产损失迫切需要解决的问题。通常情况下,爆炸是突发事故中最为严重的情形,因而必须计算与分析出爆炸发生后的影响范围；同时当事故突发时,到达事故地点过程中,正确的、可行的路线是很重要的。然而,由于道路施工、交通事故、上下班高峰以及其他不可预知因素导致了寻找一个最便捷路径是非常困难的。因而,如何在灾害时期高效、合理的选择一个便捷的救援路径,从而为灾害时期的消防车辆抵达、救灾物资的运送以及救援专家的到场指挥提供可靠的保障,是一个迫切需要解决的问题。本论文针对国内外重大危险源监管与应急救援中需要解决的难题,重点对基于云环境的重大危险源灾害时期应急救援路线优化与抉择进行了研究,主要包括：(1)阐明了应急云的概念,分析、探究了其组织特征、服务模式,阐述了新ICT环境给应急云的运行过程带来的优势,对应急云服务、组织模式和应急云的界定情况做出一定的分析,提出了按需提供的服务模式,并详细说明了该模式下的服务内容和运行过程,并对应急云的运作过程及组织变革优势的相关内容展开了讨论与分析。(2)研究不封闭空间可燃气体气云爆炸灾害影响范围及应力场分布情况,对不封闭空间可燃气体气云爆炸产生的应力场的分布规律进行推导,通过编制独立的方程求解程序,对不同尺寸大小的气云爆炸应力场内不同地点的应力值的大小进行计算。(3)通过本文建立的气云模型,系统地研究有障碍条件下可燃气体气云爆炸灾害影响范围及应力场分布情况,描述了爆炸过程中的压力场的变化情况及其外部板式障碍物处的压力变化分布情况,着重对气云内部的某些障碍物与爆炸强度之间的相互关系进行探讨,编制了计算机软件,并对开敞空间爆炸最大压力场分布以及气云内有无障碍物爆炸场条件下的计算结果进行了比较。(4)灾害时期应急救援路线与优化算法研究。设计了一种判断实时路况的方法,以GPS、GIS、GPRS三种定位导航技术作为技术支持,监测救援车辆的行驶状况,并将其转化为数据信息由监控中心接收、过滤、分析,从而对当时路况做出合理的判断；针对Dijkstra算法的不足之处提出了各路况下的加权系数的选取及优化算法,在保证准确性及合理精确性的前提下,使得搜索最优路径的过程得以简化。(5)基于云环境的重大危险源灾害时期应急救援路线优化与抉择应用研究。以淮南市为研究对象,详细探讨了淮南市云环境下重大危险源应急救援指挥体系建设,设计并实现了淮南市安全生产应急平台系统,对这一系统实施过程中应满足的基本原则、建设目标和建设内容进行了深入研究。并根据研究成果编制了软件,为淮南市安全生产提供了保障。研究成果有效的实现了云环境下重大危险源灾害时期应急救援指挥,为新形势下企业生产安全提供了保障。
[Abstract]:In order to secure a safer production environment, the supervision of safety production should always ensure the safety of the people's life and property, maintain social stability, promote the healthy, rapid and sustainable development of the national economy as the primary task and purpose, in order to improve the level of safety management as far as possible. Under the big background of spheroidization, the supervision and management of safety production will continue to face new problems and new situations. Therefore, how to realize the dynamic supervision and management of production safety in our province and in our country and to innovate the management mode suitable for the national conditions of our country have become an urgent problem to be solved. The planning of emergency rescue route is an urgent problem to be solved in order to guide the efficient allocation of relief materials, effectively carry out emergency rescue and reduce the casualties and property losses to the maximum extent. In general, explosion is the most serious case in the accident, so the impact range of the explosion must be calculated and analyzed. In the event of an accident, it is important to get a correct and feasible route to the location of the accident. However, it is very difficult to find a most convenient path because of road construction, traffic accidents, rush hours, and other unpredictable factors. Therefore, how to choose a convenient and efficient rescue in the disaster period. It is an urgent problem to be solved for the arrival of fire vehicles in the disaster period, the delivery of relief materials and the arrival of the rescue experts, which is an urgent problem to be solved. This paper focuses on the problems that need to be solved in the supervision and emergency rescue of major hazard sources at home and abroad, focusing on the major hazard sources based on the cloud environment. The optimization and decision of the emergency rescue route are studied, including: (1) clarifying the concept of emergency cloud, analyzing its organizational characteristics, service mode, and explaining the advantages of the new ICT environment to the operation of the emergency cloud, and making certain analysis on the definition of emergency cloud services, organization mode and emergency cloud, and putting forward the results. The service mode needs to be provided, and the service content and operation process under this model are explained in detail, and the related contents of the operation process and the advantages of organizational change are discussed and analyzed. (2) research on the influence range and the distribution of the stress field of the unclosed space combustible gas cloud explosion disaster, and the non enclosed space combustible gas The distribution law of stress field produced by gas cloud explosion is derived, and the stress values of different locations in different sizes of gas clouds are calculated by programming independent equation solver. (3) through the gas cloud model established in this paper, the influence of the explosion of flammable gas clouds under the obstacle conditions is systematically studied. The distribution of range and stress field, the change of pressure field in the explosion process and the distribution of pressure variation at the external plate barrier are described. The relationship between some obstacles in the gas cloud and the explosion strength is discussed. The computer soft parts are compiled and the distribution of the maximum pressure field of the open space explosion is distributed. And compared the calculation results under the condition of the explosion field in the air cloud. (4) the study of the emergency rescue route and optimization algorithm in the period of disaster. A method to judge the real time road condition is designed, and the three positioning navigation techniques of GPS, GIS and GPRS are used as technical support to monitor the driving condition of the rescue vehicle and convert it into data information. The monitoring center receives, filters, analyses, and makes a reasonable judgment on the road conditions at that time. In view of the shortcomings of the Dijkstra algorithm, the selection and optimization algorithm of weighting coefficients under each road condition are proposed. Under the premise of ensuring accuracy and reasonable accuracy, the process of searching the optimal path can be simplified. (5) the importance of the cloud environment is important. Study on the optimization and application of emergency rescue route in the period of dangerous source disaster. Taking Huainan as the research object, the construction of emergency rescue command system for major hazard sources under the cloud environment in Huainan is discussed in detail. The emergency platform system for Huainan safety production is designed and realized, and the basic principles should be met in the implementation process of this system. The contents of the standard and construction were studied in depth. And the software was compiled according to the research results, which provided a guarantee for the safety production of Huainan. The research results effectively realized the emergency rescue command in the period of heavy hazard in the cloud environment, and provided the security for the enterprise production safety under the new situation.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X928

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