液氨站房通风安全及泄漏扩散影响研究

发布时间：2018-08-16 12:48

【摘要】：伴随着化学工业行业的迅速发展，有许多化学工业园区建成了大规模的仓库和贮罐区，这些仓库和贮罐区存放着大量有害、有毒、易燃、易爆的危险化学品，而且其中大多都属于重大危险源。就目前来看，我国对于重大危险源的安全管理还有着很多的缺陷，其中液氨储罐的泄漏扩散事故属于经常发生且危险性较大的一类事故，液氨泄漏扩散的过程比较复杂，如果泄放物质被点燃或引爆将会引起大规模燃烧爆炸事故。在液氨站房内极易发生液氨泄漏爆炸事故，一旦液氨泄漏，短时间内极可能造成严重后果。因此模拟液氨泄漏事故发生后毒气泄漏扩散的规律，保证人员的安全，意义非常重要。同时因氨气比空气轻，大量逸出后易积聚在房间顶部，因此从确保人身安全和生产的角度出发，选择一种合理的通风方式显得尤为重要。液氨站房的通风情况直接影响气体泄漏扩散的实际情况，为了研究液氨站房的通风安全问题，本文首先通过fluent软件建立了站房通风系统物理模型，，分析了采用三种不同通风方式下，站房内泄漏氨气的浓度场及速度场的分布特点，得出浓度随时间的变化关系，通过结果分析可以为选择合适的排风系统及送排风口的设置提供依据；然后通过模拟分析对液氨站房内障碍物影响、通风口数量的设定及设备布置提出相关对策措施建议，研究得出的结果可为具体设计人员提供相应的理论依据；最后对比分析液氨在站房内及站房外两种不同方式泄漏条件下所产生的不同情况，得到两者之间的偏差量，其结果也可为相应标准提供理论依据。经过这些方面的模拟分析研究我们能够知道，液氨站房通风情况对氨气泄漏扩散有较大影响，且火灾爆炸事故一旦发生，其后果则会非常严重。因此，对液氨储罐采取事故影响分析研究对企业日常的安全生产以及在事故发生后的应急救援都具有指导意义。同时论文的研究结论也可以为解决事故处理提供重要依据，从工业安全的角度来说也具有现实意义。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the chemical industry, many chemical industrial parks have built large-scale warehouses and storage areas containing a large number of hazardous, toxic, flammable and explosive dangerous chemicals. And most of them are major hazards. At present, there are still many defects in the safety management of major hazardous sources in our country. The leakage and diffusion accidents of liquid ammonia storage tanks belong to a class of accidents that occur frequently and are more dangerous. The process of leakage and diffusion of liquid ammonia is quite complex. If the released material is ignited or detonated, it will cause a large-scale combustion explosion. Liquid ammonia leakage and explosion are easy to occur in the liquid ammonia station. Once the liquid ammonia leaks, it may cause serious consequences in a short period of time. Therefore, it is very important to simulate the law of gas leakage and diffusion after the liquid ammonia leakage accident and to ensure the safety of personnel. At the same time, ammonia gas is lighter than air, and it is easy to accumulate on the top of the room after a large amount of escape, so it is particularly important to choose a reasonable ventilation mode from the point of view of ensuring personal safety and production. The ventilation situation of the liquid ammonia station directly affects the actual situation of gas leakage and diffusion. In order to study the ventilation safety of the liquid ammonia station, the physical model of the ventilation system of the station is established by fluent software. In this paper, the distribution characteristics of concentration field and velocity field of ammonia leakage in station room under three different ventilation modes are analyzed, and the relationship between concentration and time is obtained. The result analysis can provide the basis for selecting suitable exhaust system and outlet setting, and then, through simulation analysis, the influence of obstacles in the liquid ammonia station, the setting of the number of vents and the arrangement of equipment are put forward, and the relevant countermeasures and suggestions are put forward. The results of the study can provide the corresponding theoretical basis for the specific designers. Finally, by comparing and analyzing the different conditions of liquid ammonia leakage in the station room and outside the station room, the deviation between them can be obtained. The results can also provide theoretical basis for the corresponding standards. Through the simulation and analysis of these aspects, we can know that the ventilation situation of liquid ammonia station has great influence on ammonia leakage and diffusion, and once the fire and explosion accident occurs, the consequences will be very serious. Therefore, the research on the accident impact analysis of liquid ammonia storage tank is of guiding significance to the daily safety production of enterprises and the emergency rescue after the accident. At the same time, the conclusion of the paper can also provide an important basis for the solution of accidents, from the point of view of industrial safety, it also has practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TQ086.1

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