中国建筑业安全规制改革研究
发布时间：2018-10-09 15:56
【摘要】：社会性规制及其理论研究虽然稍晚于经济性规制，但其发展速度较快受重视程度较高，业已成为政府规制的重要组成部分。与经济性规制相比，社会性规制的对象比较广泛，具有普遍适用性。社会性规制的核心内容之一是安全规制，主要包括产品质量安全规制和劳动生产安全规制，这是为了迎合全世界范围内日益强烈的对产品质量和工作场所安全的关注。安全规制的内容涵盖产品从设计、制造、销售到使用过程中有关质量安全保证的规制，以及对产品生产过程中工作场所安全以及生产人员施工操作安全的规制。 我国的建筑业是带动国民经济发展的支柱性产业，建筑产品是与人们日常生产生活休戚相关的必需品，每一个人每天都置身与建筑物的互动当中。建筑产品一旦出现质量安全隐患往往造成严重人员和经济的损失，对建筑质量安全和劳动生产安全的严格要求是保证人民生命财产安全的必然选择，，而现实情况是我国建筑业质量安全问题确实已成为影响建筑业科学健康发展的首要问题，每年因建筑相关安全事故的死亡人数在众多种类事故中处于突出位置。建筑业的生产过程与多个行业发生着广泛的社会关联，鉴于建筑业的健康发展关系到许多行业的生存，围绕建筑业产品质量和生产安全两个主题进行研究，对我国建筑业产品质量和安全生产的现状以及建筑业政府社会性规制存在的问题进行探讨具有极强的现实意义。迄今学术界已经形成了一些理论研究成果，而从规制经济学角度出发系统地研究政府安全规制体制改革仍有较强的理论意义。 在研究建筑业安全规制改革的过程中，研究方法依托规制经济学传统理论，将经济性规制一些成熟理论引入社会性规制的研究中来。建筑产品和政府安全规制都属在一定程度上都具有非排他性和非竞争性特征。建筑安全问题涉及交易合约和劳动合约的利益多方，因此文中并未涉及外部性问题，而是将内部性作为连接利益各方的纽带。建筑业安全问题产生的原因有很多，其中最为关键的是存在由信息不对称产生的逆向选择和道德的风险。安全问题的发生不仅来自企业的不正当行为，也来自从业者的个人选择，单纯依靠市场规律去进行经济性调节已经捉襟见肘，因此政府是改善安全形势的中坚力量，途径在于规制体制的改革与完善。在借鉴主要发达国家和地区在建筑业安全规制体系建设、机制确立和法制构建先进经验的基础上，针对我国体系落后、机制陈旧和制度缺失的具体问题，提出了“准确分类、事分前后、循序改革”的总体思路，并较为创造性地对规制机构体系进行了重塑，提出了政府与社会结合的“1+2”规制机构体系模式，将其它应用体系重新调配确立了各规制主体间监督合作的运行机制，通过推陈出新、查缺补漏，完善了法规制度，从而由这三部分组成了完整的建筑业安全规制体制改革对策，为政府深化经济改革提供了合理化建议。
[Abstract]:Although social regulation and its theoretical research are somewhat late in economic regulation, the development speed of social regulation has become more and more important, and it has become an important part of government regulation. Compared with the economic regulation, the social regulation object is widely used, and has universal applicability. One of the core contents of social regulation is safety regulation, which mainly includes the safety regulation of product quality and the regulation of labor production safety. The contents of safety regulation cover the regulation of the product from the design, manufacture, sale and use process to the quality safety guarantee, as well as the regulation of the safety of the workplace and the safety of the construction operation of the production personnel during the production process of the product. The construction industry of our country is the latent industry that drives the development of the national economy. The building product is a necessity for people's daily production and life. Each person is in interaction with the building every day. Among them, once the quality safety hazard of building products often leads to the loss of serious personnel and economy, the strict requirements for the safety of construction quality and the safety of labor production are necessary to ensure the safety of people's lives and property The reality is that the quality safety of construction industry in China has become the primary problem affecting the development of science and health in the construction industry, and every year the number of deaths caused by construction related safety accidents is highlighted in many kinds of accidents Location. The production process of construction industry is associated with a wide range of industries. In view of the healthy development of construction industry, the survival of many industries is related to the quality of construction industry and production safety. The present situation of product quality and safety production in construction industry in China and the problems of social regulation of construction government are discussed in this paper. To date, the academic circles have formed some theoretical research achievements, and from the angle of regulation economics, it is still a strong theory to systematically study the reform of government security regulation system. In the process of studying the reform of construction safety regulation, the research method relies on the traditional theory of regulation economics, and introduces some mature theories into social regulation based on the theory of regulation economics. In the research, the construction products and government safety regulations are both non-exclusive and non-exclusive. Competitive characteristics. The problem of building safety covers the interests of trading contracts and labor contracts. Therefore, the paper does not deal with the externality problem, but the internal property as the connection benefit. There are a lot of reasons for the security problems in the construction industry, most of which is the reverse selection generated by asymmetric information. The occurrence of security problem not only comes from the improper behavior of the enterprise, but also from the personal choice of the practitioner, and the economy adjustment is already stretched by the market rule. Therefore, the government is the backbone force to improve the security situation, the way lies in the regulation system. On the basis of drawing on the advanced experience of construction, mechanism establishment and legal system construction of construction industry safety regulation system in the major developed countries and regions, the paper puts forward the 鈥淎ccurate classification, pre-and post-treatment, sequential reform鈥
本文编号：2259914
[Abstract]:Although social regulation and its theoretical research are somewhat late in economic regulation, the development speed of social regulation has become more and more important, and it has become an important part of government regulation. Compared with the economic regulation, the social regulation object is widely used, and has universal applicability. One of the core contents of social regulation is safety regulation, which mainly includes the safety regulation of product quality and the regulation of labor production safety. The contents of safety regulation cover the regulation of the product from the design, manufacture, sale and use process to the quality safety guarantee, as well as the regulation of the safety of the workplace and the safety of the construction operation of the production personnel during the production process of the product. The construction industry of our country is the latent industry that drives the development of the national economy. The building product is a necessity for people's daily production and life. Each person is in interaction with the building every day. Among them, once the quality safety hazard of building products often leads to the loss of serious personnel and economy, the strict requirements for the safety of construction quality and the safety of labor production are necessary to ensure the safety of people's lives and property The reality is that the quality safety of construction industry in China has become the primary problem affecting the development of science and health in the construction industry, and every year the number of deaths caused by construction related safety accidents is highlighted in many kinds of accidents Location. The production process of construction industry is associated with a wide range of industries. In view of the healthy development of construction industry, the survival of many industries is related to the quality of construction industry and production safety. The present situation of product quality and safety production in construction industry in China and the problems of social regulation of construction government are discussed in this paper. To date, the academic circles have formed some theoretical research achievements, and from the angle of regulation economics, it is still a strong theory to systematically study the reform of government security regulation system. In the process of studying the reform of construction safety regulation, the research method relies on the traditional theory of regulation economics, and introduces some mature theories into social regulation based on the theory of regulation economics. In the research, the construction products and government safety regulations are both non-exclusive and non-exclusive. Competitive characteristics. The problem of building safety covers the interests of trading contracts and labor contracts. Therefore, the paper does not deal with the externality problem, but the internal property as the connection benefit. There are a lot of reasons for the security problems in the construction industry, most of which is the reverse selection generated by asymmetric information. The occurrence of security problem not only comes from the improper behavior of the enterprise, but also from the personal choice of the practitioner, and the economy adjustment is already stretched by the market rule. Therefore, the government is the backbone force to improve the security situation, the way lies in the regulation system. On the basis of drawing on the advanced experience of construction, mechanism establishment and legal system construction of construction industry safety regulation system in the major developed countries and regions, the paper puts forward the 鈥淎ccurate classification, pre-and post-treatment, sequential reform鈥
本文编号：2259914
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