风险评估技术研究及其在承压设备中的应用
发布时间：2018-11-25 09:16
【摘要】：承压设备是国家工业发展的基础设备,与国民经济建设息息相关,由于其不断向大型化、复杂化的方向发展,如果对其管理不善,则设备的失效会给人民群众和国家经济造成重大的损失。承压设备的风险评估是指预测设备所存在的风险和失效后果的技术,然后提出合理的措施降低设备风险和发生事故的概率。本文以移动式压力容器-工业气瓶和主蒸汽管道为对象,提出针对各自的新的评估方法,为承压设备的风险管理作铺垫。 首先,对气瓶含有的介质进行深入了解,利用事故树对气瓶进行危险源辨识。同时对风险评价方法做深入调查,确定选用半定量的风险评价方法来评价气瓶,而后对失效可能性评分体系和失效后果评分体系深入研究,建立了工业气瓶的风险评估体系,提出了气瓶的风险等级划分方法。气瓶风险评估体系的建立为气瓶风险管理以及克服目前气瓶安全管理的局限性提供了依据。 第二,通过对长期在高温高压条件下工作的主蒸汽管道的失效模式进行分析,获悉蠕变和热疲劳是主蒸汽管道常见的失效因素。首先计算得到整个主蒸汽管道系统的受力情况,确立弯管为研究对象,通过对弯管进行蠕变模拟计算和热应力计算得到弯管的蠕变应力、应变以及热应力的分布情况,最终确定了弯管的失效形式,而后作者结合高温断裂力学和概率统计技术,提出了主蒸汽管道的失效概率模型,为主蒸气管道系统的定量风险分析提供基础。
[Abstract]:Pressure equipment is the basic equipment for the industrial development of the country, which is closely related to the national economic construction. Because of its continuous development towards a large and complicated direction, if it is not well managed, The failure of the equipment will cause great losses to the people and the national economy. The risk assessment of pressurized equipment refers to the technology of predicting the risk and failure consequence of the equipment, and then puts forward reasonable measures to reduce the risk of the equipment and the probability of the accident. In this paper, a new evaluation method for the mobile pressure vessel, industrial gas cylinder and main steam pipe is proposed to pave the way for the risk management of the pressure equipment. Firstly, the medium contained in gas cylinder is deeply understood, and the hazard source is identified by accident tree. At the same time, the risk assessment method is investigated deeply, and the semi-quantitative risk assessment method is selected to evaluate the gas cylinder. Then, the failure possibility scoring system and the failure consequence scoring system are deeply studied, and the risk assessment system of the industrial gas cylinder is established. The risk classification method of gas cylinder is put forward. The establishment of cylinder risk assessment system provides a basis for cylinder risk management and overcoming the limitations of current cylinder safety management. Secondly, through the analysis of the failure mode of the main steam pipeline working under the condition of high temperature and high pressure for a long time, it is found that creep and thermal fatigue are the common failure factors of the main steam pipeline. Firstly, the stress of the whole main steam pipe system is calculated, and the bending pipe is established as the object of study. The creep stress, strain and thermal stress distribution of the bend pipe are obtained by the creep simulation calculation and thermal stress calculation of the bend pipe. Finally, the failure form of the bend pipe is determined, and then the failure probability model of the main steam pipeline is put forward by combining the high temperature fracture mechanics and probability statistics technology, which provides the basis for quantitative risk analysis of the steam pipeline system.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X933
本文编号：2355585
[Abstract]:Pressure equipment is the basic equipment for the industrial development of the country, which is closely related to the national economic construction. Because of its continuous development towards a large and complicated direction, if it is not well managed, The failure of the equipment will cause great losses to the people and the national economy. The risk assessment of pressurized equipment refers to the technology of predicting the risk and failure consequence of the equipment, and then puts forward reasonable measures to reduce the risk of the equipment and the probability of the accident. In this paper, a new evaluation method for the mobile pressure vessel, industrial gas cylinder and main steam pipe is proposed to pave the way for the risk management of the pressure equipment. Firstly, the medium contained in gas cylinder is deeply understood, and the hazard source is identified by accident tree. At the same time, the risk assessment method is investigated deeply, and the semi-quantitative risk assessment method is selected to evaluate the gas cylinder. Then, the failure possibility scoring system and the failure consequence scoring system are deeply studied, and the risk assessment system of the industrial gas cylinder is established. The risk classification method of gas cylinder is put forward. The establishment of cylinder risk assessment system provides a basis for cylinder risk management and overcoming the limitations of current cylinder safety management. Secondly, through the analysis of the failure mode of the main steam pipeline working under the condition of high temperature and high pressure for a long time, it is found that creep and thermal fatigue are the common failure factors of the main steam pipeline. Firstly, the stress of the whole main steam pipe system is calculated, and the bending pipe is established as the object of study. The creep stress, strain and thermal stress distribution of the bend pipe are obtained by the creep simulation calculation and thermal stress calculation of the bend pipe. Finally, the failure form of the bend pipe is determined, and then the failure probability model of the main steam pipeline is put forward by combining the high temperature fracture mechanics and probability statistics technology, which provides the basis for quantitative risk analysis of the steam pipeline system.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X933
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