高速列车车辆空间及布局参数对乘客应急撤离的影响

发布时间：2018-12-11 16:05

【摘要】：高速列车作为城际和市郊铁路实现小编组、大密度的高效运输工具,给人类带来舒适体验的同时,其车辆的被动安全也越来受到人们的关注。铁路系统一旦发生事故,如何快速、有效、安全地从车辆撤离乘客是一个非常重要的问题。研究表明,当大量人员需要紧急撤离时,内部空间及布局参数对应急撤离有显著的影响。因此,针对影响应急撤离的列车车内空间及布局因素进行研究,这对在设计阶段优化列车车内空间的布局,有效地提高车辆的安全性,有着十分重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。本文从车辆空间及布局设计角度,结合行人仿真动力学模型应用,针对高速列车室内空间及布局参数对应急撤离的影响进行了探讨,主要完成了以下工作:(1)对FRA实施的乘客应急撤离实景实验进行仿真模拟,验证乘客撤离至高站台这一工况下,利用仿真软件Legion进行乘客应急撤离研究的可行性。(2)分析影响列车应急撤离的因素,包括空间及布局因素、应急撤离场景因素、乘客属性因素及其它因素,论证并确定本文空间及布局因素的取值范围、典型应急撤离场景以及乘客性别-年龄分布情况,并建立列车应急撤离时间模型。(3)采用仿真模拟方法研究了站台侧所有车门开启及仅开启一车门两种应急撤离场景下,空间及布局参数中单一因素对应急撤离时间、出口流量以及车厢人流密度的影响,建立过道宽度、车门净开度、席间距因素与撤离时间的关系模型。(4)基于全因子和正交实验设计,分别探究以上两种应急撤离场景下空间参数各因素间的主效应以及交互效应的大小,建立影响应急撤离时间的空间参数多因素回归模型。研究表明,两种场景下每单一因素与应急撤离时间的变化曲线存在一致性,在给定范围内,应急撤离时间随着空间参数中每单一因素的增大而显著减小,并最终趋于稳定;同时,改变座椅布置方式对乘客应急撤离时间的影响远小于车门数量影响。在多因素实验研究中,发现席间距大小的改变对应急撤离时间的影响最大,过道宽度、车门净开度分别与席间距间存在显著交互效应。论文研究成果对于优化高速列车车辆室内空间布局设计,提高车辆的被动安全性提供了理论依据。
[Abstract]:As a small marshalling of inter-city and suburban railways and a high-density efficient transport vehicle, high-speed trains bring comfort to human beings. At the same time, the passive safety of their vehicles has attracted more and more attention. How to evacuate passengers quickly, effectively and safely from vehicles is a very important issue in the event of an accident in railway system. The results show that when a large number of people need emergency evacuation, the internal space and layout parameters have a significant impact on emergency evacuation. Therefore, the factors affecting the interior space and layout of emergency evacuation train are studied, which can optimize the layout of train interior space in the design stage and effectively improve the safety of the vehicle. It has very important theoretical significance and engineering application value. From the point of view of vehicle space and layout design, combined with the application of pedestrian simulation dynamics model, this paper discusses the influence of indoor space and layout parameters of high-speed train on emergency evacuation. The main work is as follows: (1) the simulation of the passenger emergency evacuation experiment implemented by FRA is carried out to verify the passenger evacuation to the high platform. The feasibility of passenger emergency evacuation is studied by simulation software Legion. (2) the factors influencing train emergency evacuation, including space and layout factors, emergency evacuation scene factors, passenger attribute factors and other factors, are analyzed. To demonstrate and determine the value range of space and layout factors, typical emergency evacuation scenarios and the distribution of gender and age of passengers, And establish the train emergency evacuation time model. (3) using the simulation method to study the emergency evacuation time of the single factor in the space and layout parameters under the two emergency evacuation scenarios of all doors open and only one door opened on the platform side. The influence of exit flow rate and passenger flow density on corridor width, car door net opening, seat spacing and evacuation time are established. (4) based on full-factor and orthogonal experimental design, The main effects and interaction effects of the spatial parameters in the two kinds of emergency evacuation scenarios were studied respectively and the multi-factor regression model of spatial parameters affecting the emergency evacuation time was established. The results show that there is consistency between each single factor and the curve of emergency evacuation time in the two scenarios. In a given range, the emergency evacuation time decreases significantly with the increase of each single factor in the space parameters, and eventually tends to stabilize. At the same time, the influence of changing seat layout on passenger emergency evacuation time is much less than the number of doors. In the multi-factor experimental study, it is found that the influence of the size of seat spacing on the emergency evacuation time is the greatest, and there is a significant interaction between the width of aisle and the net opening degree of door. The research results provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the interior space layout of high-speed train vehicles and improving the passive safety of vehicles.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U270.2;U298

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