火灾状况下地铁车站乘客行为研究

发布时间：2018-12-21 09:59

【摘要】：地铁是城市轨道交通的重要组成部分，已成为了全球各大城市解决城市客运交通问题的首选。但由于其特殊的建筑结构，发生事故后往往救援困难，尤其是地铁车站人员密集结构复杂，发生火灾后往往造成严重的人员伤亡和财产损失。如何及时疏散站内人员成为地铁火灾事故救援的重要工作。为了增强地铁车站安全设计，提高安全疏散应急水平，研究火灾发生时乘客的行为成为安全疏散的基础。乘客紧急疏散行为，影响着疏散进程的进展，分析其在火灾疏散中可能出现的特殊行为和影响因素有助于在事故疏散时采取相应对策，减少人员伤亡。本文总结了国内外对于普通情况下以及特殊情况下人员行走行为的研究成果，结合我国实际情况针对火灾发生时的地铁车站乘客疏散进行了如下研究：分析了地铁车站的特殊结构及地铁车站火灾的特征，研究了这些特殊情况对乘客生命安全和疏散产生的影响，总结了有关地铁安全设计规范及火灾安全疏散标准。从乘客行为的产生机理出发，从中推导出了乘客行为的影响因素，，结合车站火灾的特点，得到了乘客在发生火灾时可能出现的特殊行为及其危害。在国内外常见人员疏散模型的基础上，结合元胞自动机建立了乘客疏散行为模型。在模型中以静态场、动态场作为乘客疏散的重要影响因素，以火场空气温度扩散场作为主要影响因素。根据乘客疏散行为模型，编写了地铁车站火灾疏散乘客行为仿真计算机程序，以某地铁车站为例进行了紧急疏散全过程仿真，分析了影响疏散的因素并提出了安全疏散建议。
[Abstract]:Subway is an important part of urban rail transit, and has become the first choice for solving the problem of urban passenger transport in the world. However, because of its special building structure, it is often difficult to rescue after the accident. Especially, the dense structure of subway station often causes serious casualties and property losses after fire. How to evacuate the personnel in the station in time becomes the important work of subway fire accident rescue. In order to enhance the safety design of subway station and improve the emergency level of safety evacuation, the study of passengers' behavior during fire is the basis of safe evacuation. The emergency evacuation behavior of passengers affects the progress of evacuation process. The analysis of the special behavior and influencing factors that may occur in fire evacuation is helpful to take corresponding countermeasures and reduce casualties in the event of accident evacuation. This paper summarizes the research results of walking behavior in general and special cases at home and abroad. According to the actual situation of our country, this paper makes the following research on the subway station passenger evacuation when the fire occurs: the special structure of the subway station and the characteristics of the subway station fire are analyzed. The effects of these special circumstances on the safety and evacuation of passengers are studied, and the safety design specifications and fire safety evacuation standards are summarized. Based on the mechanism of passenger behavior, the influencing factors of passenger behavior are deduced. Combined with the characteristics of station fire, the possible special behavior and its harm of passengers in fire are obtained. Based on the common evacuation models at home and abroad, the passenger evacuation behavior model is established with cellular automata. In the model, the static field, the dynamic field as the important factor of passenger evacuation, and the air temperature diffusion field of the fire site as the main influencing factors. According to the behavior model of passenger evacuation, a computer program is compiled to simulate the behavior of passengers evacuation in subway station fire. Taking a subway station as an example, the whole process of emergency evacuation is simulated. The factors affecting evacuation are analyzed and suggestions for safety evacuation are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：石家庄铁道大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U231.96;U298.2

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