基于火灾风险评估的大空间建筑消防分区控制研究
发布时间：2018-12-21 13:37
【摘要】：本文在研究已有的建筑火灾风险评估方法的基础上，提出了基于模糊算法的大空间商业建筑内部区域火灾风险的定量计算方法，并以此为基础提出了大空间商业建筑消的消防分区控制策略。本文的研究成果可为有效落实消防规范、实现准确的消防联动控制提供科学依据，首次提出的计算方法和联动控制策略具有创新性和较高的应用价值。 火灾风险评估方法广泛地用于建筑的防火性能分析。但已有的火灾风险评估方法具有一定的局限性，一方面其评估对象涉及面大，不但包含整栋建筑，还会考虑周边环境以及附近的消防救援资源情况，因此建筑内部区域的危险度不能给出明确的结果；另一方面，火灾风险评估方法多为定性或半定量分析，结果不利于为消防联动控制提供准确依据。针对此问题，本文建立了一种全新的能够对建筑物内部区域做定量分析的火灾风险评估方法。此方法是在古斯塔法法的基础上，根据建筑物的功能特征，重新定义与建筑物内部不同区域的火灾风险度计算结果，此结果即为建筑物内部区域火灾风险评估值，本为将其定义为消防分区系数。消防分区系数的计算过程即是对建筑物内部区域进行火灾风险评估的过程，通过消防分区系数评价体系能够将计算出的消防分区系数对应到计算区域的耐火时间上，耐火时间对后续的消防分区控制策略有着非常重大的影响。 本文首次提出了消防分区的概念，消防分区是指在建筑物内部划分的消防电气设备的最小控制单元。为了做最优化的控制，在对建筑内部划分消防分区时应尽量使每个消防分区的消防分区系数分布在相同的安全等级范围内。消防分区系数的安全等级与本区域的耐火时间相对应，相同的耐火时间可以使消防分区的控制策略按照预定的时限和预定的步骤持续进行下去。综上所述，本文不但在理论研究上为消防电气设备提供了实现分区控制的理论基础，而且提出了完整的建筑物内部区域火灾风险评估体系、定量分析的计算体系和后续的消防分区控制策略。本文提出的建筑物内部区域火灾风险为建筑划分消防分区提供科学可靠的理论依据，，为消防分区制订合理的控制策略能够优化消防联动控制。基于消防分区理论的消防联动控制策略，能够做到当火灾发生时，为大空间商业建筑内的人员提供良好的疏散环境，减少人员的伤亡和财产的损失。
[Abstract]:On the basis of studying the existing methods of building fire risk assessment, this paper presents a quantitative calculation method of fire risk in large space commercial buildings based on fuzzy algorithm. On the basis of this, the paper puts forward the fire control strategy of large space commercial buildings. The research results in this paper can provide scientific basis for the effective implementation of fire control code and the realization of accurate fire control. The calculation method and linkage control strategy proposed for the first time have innovative and higher application value. The fire risk assessment method is widely used to analyze the fire resistance of buildings. However, the existing fire risk assessment methods have some limitations. On the one hand, their assessment targets are very large, including not only the whole building, but also the surrounding environment and the nearby fire rescue resources. Therefore, the risk degree of the interior area of the building can not give a clear result; On the other hand, most fire risk assessment methods are qualitative or semi-quantitative, the results are not conducive to provide accurate basis for fire control. In order to solve this problem, a new fire risk assessment method is proposed, which can be used to quantitatively analyze the interior area of a building. This method is based on the Gusta method, according to the function characteristics of the building, redefines the calculation result of fire risk degree of different areas inside the building, and the result is the fire risk assessment value of the building interior area. This is defined as the fire partition coefficient. The calculation process of the fire zone coefficient is the process of fire risk assessment in the building interior area. Through the fire division coefficient evaluation system, the calculated fire partition coefficient can be corresponding to the fire resistance time of the calculated area. The fire-resistant time has a great influence on the subsequent fire control strategy. In this paper, the concept of fire protection partition is put forward for the first time, which refers to the minimum control unit of fire fighting electrical equipment divided within the building. In order to make the optimal control, the partition coefficient of each fire zone should be distributed in the same safety grade range when dividing the fire zone inside the building. The safety grade of the fire zone coefficient corresponds to the fire resistance time of the region, and the same fire resistance time can make the control strategy of the fire zone continue according to the predetermined time limit and the predetermined steps. To sum up, this paper not only provides a theoretical basis for the implementation of zoning control for fire protection electrical equipment, but also puts forward a complete fire risk assessment system in the building interior. Quantitative analysis of the calculation system and subsequent fire control strategy. In this paper, the fire risk in the building interior area provides a scientific and reliable theoretical basis for the division of fire protection in the building, and the formulation of reasonable control strategy for the fire protection zone can optimize the fire control system. The fire control strategy based on the fire zoning theory can provide a good evacuation environment for the people in the large space commercial buildings when the fire occurs, and reduce the casualties and property losses.
【学位授予单位】：北京建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU892
本文编号：2388980
[Abstract]:On the basis of studying the existing methods of building fire risk assessment, this paper presents a quantitative calculation method of fire risk in large space commercial buildings based on fuzzy algorithm. On the basis of this, the paper puts forward the fire control strategy of large space commercial buildings. The research results in this paper can provide scientific basis for the effective implementation of fire control code and the realization of accurate fire control. The calculation method and linkage control strategy proposed for the first time have innovative and higher application value. The fire risk assessment method is widely used to analyze the fire resistance of buildings. However, the existing fire risk assessment methods have some limitations. On the one hand, their assessment targets are very large, including not only the whole building, but also the surrounding environment and the nearby fire rescue resources. Therefore, the risk degree of the interior area of the building can not give a clear result; On the other hand, most fire risk assessment methods are qualitative or semi-quantitative, the results are not conducive to provide accurate basis for fire control. In order to solve this problem, a new fire risk assessment method is proposed, which can be used to quantitatively analyze the interior area of a building. This method is based on the Gusta method, according to the function characteristics of the building, redefines the calculation result of fire risk degree of different areas inside the building, and the result is the fire risk assessment value of the building interior area. This is defined as the fire partition coefficient. The calculation process of the fire zone coefficient is the process of fire risk assessment in the building interior area. Through the fire division coefficient evaluation system, the calculated fire partition coefficient can be corresponding to the fire resistance time of the calculated area. The fire-resistant time has a great influence on the subsequent fire control strategy. In this paper, the concept of fire protection partition is put forward for the first time, which refers to the minimum control unit of fire fighting electrical equipment divided within the building. In order to make the optimal control, the partition coefficient of each fire zone should be distributed in the same safety grade range when dividing the fire zone inside the building. The safety grade of the fire zone coefficient corresponds to the fire resistance time of the region, and the same fire resistance time can make the control strategy of the fire zone continue according to the predetermined time limit and the predetermined steps. To sum up, this paper not only provides a theoretical basis for the implementation of zoning control for fire protection electrical equipment, but also puts forward a complete fire risk assessment system in the building interior. Quantitative analysis of the calculation system and subsequent fire control strategy. In this paper, the fire risk in the building interior area provides a scientific and reliable theoretical basis for the division of fire protection in the building, and the formulation of reasonable control strategy for the fire protection zone can optimize the fire control system. The fire control strategy based on the fire zoning theory can provide a good evacuation environment for the people in the large space commercial buildings when the fire occurs, and reduce the casualties and property losses.
【学位授予单位】：北京建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU892
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