轨道车辆车厢LED照明控制系统研究

发布时间：2019-01-16 04:28

【摘要】：我国轨道车辆的照明系统绝大部分采用荧光灯,其价格虽然低廉,但使用寿命低、维护成本较高,已经不能满足轨道车辆对照明系统节能、环保、增加客室空间的高设计要求。LED作为高效、环保、节能的替代光源已经逐步应用到日常生活的各个领域。由于轨道车辆照明系统在冲击震动、电磁兼容、温度及供电范围等方面都有特别要求,现有的LED照明系统不能直接在轨道车辆上应用。研究开发高效、节能、环保的轨道车辆车厢LED照明系统具有重要的意义。LED照明控制系统是轨道车辆车厢LED照明系统的核心,保证整个LED照明系统正常稳定工作的关键。LED照明控制系统的研究目的是在满足轨道车辆LED照明系统的抗冲击振动、电磁兼容、散热要求的前提下,实现对车厢内部环境亮度的智能控制。针对轨道车辆车厢LED照明控制系统的抗冲击振动、电磁兼容、散热要求、智能化等要求,深入分析了LED照明系统的工作机理。通过分析LED排列方式,优化LED阵列来提高照度和散热性能；通过对驱动电源的EMC滤波电路、桥式整流电路、功率因子校正电路的设计来降低照明系统的电磁干扰问题；采用闭环控制原理和PWM脉宽调制方式使电源输出电流稳定,保证LED灯发光亮度稳定；为了实现对车厢亮度的智能控制,采用工控机为上位机,单片机为下位机,CAN总线作为上位机与下位机的通信网络,利用多个亮度传感器采集车厢外部环境的亮度信息,应用PWM技术对LED灯发光亮度进行控制。在Proteus软件中对驱动电源电路进行了仿真,结果表明设计的LED驱动电源输出电流、电压稳定,达到了设计要求。为了保证采集到亮度信息的准确性,基于贝叶斯估计的数据融合算法对多个传感器采集的信息进行融合处理,通过建立置信距离矩阵、利用椭圆曲线法对有效数据进行筛选,应用PID算法对LED灯的发光亮度进行控制。仿真表明,采用基于贝叶斯估计的数据融合算法结合PID算法的方法提高了系统对亮度控制的准确性。搭建了控制系统的实验硬件并进行了实验验证,结果表明设计的控制系统能够满足轨道车辆车厢LED照明系统的设计要求。
[Abstract]:Most of the lighting systems of rail vehicles in our country use fluorescent lamps, although the price is low, but the service life is low, and the maintenance cost is high, which can not meet the energy saving and environmental protection of the lighting system of rail vehicles. As a high efficiency, environmental protection and energy saving alternative light source, LED has been gradually applied to every field of daily life. Due to the special requirements of rail vehicle lighting system in shock vibration, electromagnetic compatibility, temperature and power supply range, the existing LED lighting system can not be directly applied to rail vehicles. It is of great significance to study and develop an efficient, energy-saving and environmentally friendly LED lighting system for rail cars. The LED lighting control system is the core of the LED lighting system of rail cars. The key to ensure the normal and stable operation of the whole LED lighting system. The research purpose of the LED lighting control system is to meet the requirements of shock resistance, electromagnetic compatibility and heat dissipation of the LED lighting system of rail vehicles. The intelligent control of interior environment brightness is realized. Aiming at the requirements of anti-shock vibration, electromagnetic compatibility, heat dissipation and intelligentization of LED lighting control system for railway cars, the working mechanism of LED lighting system is analyzed in depth. By analyzing the arrangement of LED, optimizing the LED array to improve the illuminance and heat dissipation performance, reducing the electromagnetic interference of lighting system by the design of the EMC filter circuit, bridge rectifier circuit and power factor correction circuit of the driving power supply. The closed-loop control principle and PWM pulse width modulation are adopted to stabilize the output current of the power supply and ensure the brightness stability of the LED lamp. In order to realize the intelligent control of the brightness of the carriage, the industrial control computer is used as the upper computer, the single chip computer as the lower computer, the CAN bus as the communication network between the upper computer and the lower computer, and the brightness information of the external environment of the carriage is collected by using several luminance sensors. The luminous brightness of LED lamp is controlled by PWM technology. The simulation of the driving power supply circuit in Proteus software shows that the output current and voltage of the LED drive power supply are stable and meet the design requirements. In order to ensure the accuracy of the luminance information collected, the data fusion algorithm based on Bayesian estimation is used to fuse the information collected by multiple sensors. By establishing the confidence distance matrix, the effective data are screened by using the elliptic curve method. The luminous brightness of LED lamp is controlled by PID algorithm. Simulation results show that the data fusion algorithm based on Bayesian estimation combined with PID algorithm improves the accuracy of brightness control. The experimental hardware of the control system is built and the experimental results show that the designed control system can meet the design requirements of the LED lighting system of rail vehicles.
【学位授予单位】：长春工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TM923.34

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