矿用高效抑尘剂的制备及表征

发布时间：2019-02-15 09:38

【摘要】：煤尘(粉尘)给煤炭安全高效生产带来威胁，为从业人员健康埋下隐患，深入研究煤尘物理化学性质和润湿机理，优选高效抑尘剂配方，推导抑尘剂抑尘机理，进而开发出多组分化学抑尘剂是解决煤尘危害的有效措施。 本论文采用激光粒度分析、元素分析、接触角、表面张力、ζ电位、比表面积和孔结构测试、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等现代分析测试手段，研究了黄陵煤、神府煤和晋城煤煤尘的物理化学性质，着重探讨了非离子表面活性剂和阴离子表面活性剂作用下煤尘润湿机理。以丙烯酰胺为单体，N-N亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂，硝酸铈铵为引发剂，膨润土为骨架材料，与糊化淀粉进行原位接枝共聚，制备吸水树脂，与表面活性剂配制成多组分化学抑尘剂，借助SEM、FTIR、热重-差热同步热分析（TG-DSC）,以及粘度和防腐性测试，对产品进行性能表征，推导出抑尘剂微观抑尘机理。 结果表明：表面活性剂可不同程度地改善三种煤尘的润湿能力，阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）效果最好，煤尘接触角分别从大约75°减小到23°左右，主要因为表面活性剂疏水基吸附到煤尘疏水表面，在其表面形成水化膜及双电层结构，改善了煤尘润湿性，，表面活性剂浓度增加，形成多层吸附，静电作用和空间位阻作用是煤尘润湿分散根本原因。制备吸水树脂最佳配方为膨润土10wt%，引发剂1wt%，交联剂0.03wt%；工艺条件为微波功率480W，微波加热9min，对应吸水树脂的吸水倍率为320.32。抑尘剂成膜时间为0.5-1.5h，抑尘时效30天，60℃保温9h，失水40%，抑尘剂涂覆碳钢后腐蚀电流基本不变，有轻微腐蚀性，抑尘剂有较好成膜性、抗蒸性和抑尘作用。煤尘润湿分散和粘结成膜是抑尘剂抑尘两种重要微观作用过程。研究结果具有明显的社会、经济和环境效益，对丰富煤尘抑尘理论，也有一定参考意义。
[Abstract]:Coal dust (dust) poses a threat to the safe and efficient production of coal, and buries hidden dangers for the health of workers. The physicochemical properties and wetting mechanism of coal dust are deeply studied, the formula of high efficiency dust suppressant is selected, and the mechanism of dust suppression agent is deduced. The development of multi-component chemical dust suppressant is an effective measure to solve the hazard of coal dust. In this paper, laser particle size analysis, elemental analysis, contact angle, surface tension, 味 potential, specific surface area, pore structure, scanning electron microscope (SEM) (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and other modern analytical methods were used. The physical and chemical properties of Huangling coal, Shenfu coal and Jincheng coal dust were studied, and the wetting mechanism of coal dust under the action of Nonionic surfactant and anionic surfactant was discussed. Water absorbent resin was prepared by in situ graft copolymerization of acrylamide with gelatinized starch, N-N methylene bisacrylamide as crosslinking agent, ammonium cerium nitrate as initiator and bentonite as skeleton material. A multicomponent chemical dust suppressant was prepared with surfactant. By means of SEM,FTIR, thermogravimetry and differential thermal simultaneous thermal analysis (TG-DSC), viscosity and anticorrosion test, the performance of the product was characterized, and the mechanism of microcosmic dust suppression was deduced. The results show that the wetting ability of the three kinds of coal dust can be improved by surfactant in varying degrees. The anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) has the best effect, and the contact angle of coal dust decreases from about 75 掳to about 23 掳, respectively. Mainly because surfactant hydrophobic base adsorbs to coal dust hydrophobic surface, forms hydration film and double electric layer structure on its surface, improves the coal dust wettability, the surfactant concentration increases, forms the multilayer adsorption, Electrostatic action and steric resistance are the fundamental causes of coal dust wetting and dispersion. The optimum formulation of water absorbent resin is bentonite for 10 wt, initiator for 1 wt, crosslinking agent for 0.03 wt.The technological conditions are microwave power 480 W, microwave heating 9 min, water absorption ratio of water absorbent resin 320.32. The film forming time of dust suppressant is 0.5-1.5 h, the time of dust suppression aging is 30 days, the temperature is 60 鈩

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