基于风险的特种设备行政许可策略及方法研究

发布时间：2019-02-15 13:07

【摘要】：伴随着国民经济的快速发展，特种设备的使用越来越广泛，成为维持社会正常运转不可或缺的重要部分。它具有危险性，基础性，广泛性，专业性，高耗能性等特点，因此，它的安全直接关系到人民生命财产和经济运行。为此，我国对其实行严格的监管制度，主要包括特种设备行政许可和监督检查两个方面，以实现对特种设备的设计、制造、安装、改造、维修、使用、检验检测等环节全过程的安全监察。特种设备行政许可是我国对特种设备的一种管理制度，充分体现了预防事故关口前移的理念，为有效的预防事故，保障人民生命财产安全，提供了制度上的保障。特种设备事故大多发生在使用环节，对使用环节的监管则变得尤为重要。为此，本论文的侧重点在于构建起针对使用环节，站在政府角度的基于风险的特种设备行政许可策略及方法。本论文结合风险控制管理思想，充分了解学习了行政许可的性质、功能、原则等方面。在系统总结我国特种设备行政许可制度的历史沿革，全面归纳特种设备行政许可现状的基础上，分析了我国现行办法存在的问题，并对发达国家的特种设备行政许可现状进行了经验总结分析。初步明确了特种设备行政许可、基于风险的特种设备行政许可策略及方法等概念。结合锅炉、压力容器、电梯、起重机械等设备的风险分级评价模型，运用ABC管理方法、霍尔系统工程三维结构体系，构建起分级行政许可的总体策略和方法体系，并设计了各类设备分级许可要素及管理要求专家意见表。综合运用规范反馈法、德尔菲法、国际借鉴法、行业比对法、系统分析法，把法学基本理论，国家现行的法律规定和特种设备行政许可的实际情况结合起来，最终构建起基于风险的典型特种设备行政许可策略及方法。对特种设备行政许可进行系统研究，，有助于进一步深化特种设备行政许可改革，有利于加快建设既符合形式发展要求与风险管理思想又具有特种设备行业特色的规范高效的行政许可制度，充分发挥特种设备行政许可的设备准用作用，充分保证特种设备的安全。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of national economy, the use of special equipment is becoming more and more extensive, and become an indispensable part of maintaining the normal operation of society. It has the characteristics of dangerous, basic, extensive, professional, high energy consumption and so on. Therefore, its safety is directly related to people's life, property and economic operation. For this reason, our country has implemented a strict supervision system on special equipment, which mainly includes two aspects: administrative licensing of special equipment and supervision and inspection, in order to realize the design, manufacture, installation, renovation, maintenance and use of special equipment. Inspection and inspection of the whole process of safety supervision. The administrative license of special equipment is a kind of management system for special equipment in our country, which fully embodies the idea of preventing accidents from moving forward, and provides institutional guarantee for the effective prevention of accidents and the safety of people's lives and property. The special equipment accident mostly occurs in the use link, the supervision of the use link becomes particularly important. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to construct a risk-based administrative license strategy and method for the use of special equipment from the perspective of the government. Combined with risk control management, this paper fully understands the nature, function and principle of administrative license. On the basis of systematically summarizing the history of the administrative license system of special equipment in our country and summarizing the present situation of the administrative license of special equipment in an all-round way, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the present methods of our country. And the special equipment administrative license status in developed countries is summarized and analyzed. The concepts of special equipment administrative license, risk-based special equipment administrative license strategy and method are preliminarily defined. Combined with the risk classification evaluation model of boiler, pressure vessel, elevator, crane and so on, using ABC management method and Hall system engineering three-dimensional structure system, the overall strategy and method system of grading administrative license are constructed. And designed each kind of equipment classification permission essential factor and the management request expert opinion table. Comprehensive use of normative feedback method, Delphi method, international reference method, industry comparison method, system analysis method, combining the basic theory of law, the current legal provisions of the country and the actual situation of administrative license for special equipment, Finally, a risk-based strategy and method of administrative license for special equipment is constructed. A systematic study of the administrative license for special equipment will be helpful to further deepen the reform of the administrative license for special equipment, It is conducive to speeding up the construction of a standardized and efficient administrative licensing system that conforms to the requirements of formal development and risk management and has the characteristics of the special equipment industry, so as to give full play to the role of the administrative licensing of special equipment. Fully ensure the safety of special equipment.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X924.4

【参考文献】