矿井火灾烟气流动及温度分布规律数值模拟研究
发布时间：2019-03-14 14:04
【摘要】：矿井火灾不仅破坏井下设备和烧毁封堵大量的煤炭资源,而且火灾时期产生的大量烟气污染污染物的扩散蔓延,会导致整个矿井通风网络中风流温度快速升高,甚至在局部巷道内产生火风压,出现烟流逆退现象,造成风流回流和紊乱,扩大井内受灾面积,加大火灾损失。如果矿井的防灭火措施不足,有可能引起瓦斯爆炸事故,造成更严重的损失,井下高温,有毒的环境严重威胁着井下工作人员的生命安全。迅速准确地掌握矿井时期压力、温度及污染物的分布规律,及时实施正确的防避灾方法能大幅度的降低火灾所造成的伤亡和资源损失,并正确引导人员避灾逃生,对降低火灾所造成的大量人员伤亡、控制火势快速发展等有非常重要的意义。 历年来实验跟数值模拟是研究火灾的主要途径,模拟研究具有耗资少,时间短,可以重复研究的优点,尤其是随着现代科学技术的发展,计算机技术已经在各个领域得到广泛的应用。在火灾科学研究领域CFD(计算流体力学)软件受到很大关注。目前常用的CFD软件有FLUENT、PHOENICS、 STAR-CD、FDS等。其中FLUENT具有丰富的物理模型、先进的数值方法以及强大的前后处理功能,涉及流体、辐射换热及燃烧等多种工程问题,目前广泛的应用到各行各业中。 因为矿井火灾造成的最大危害主要是有毒有害气体及对巷道风流造成的紊乱,所以本文主要模拟火灾时期巷道温度分布、烟气中有毒有害成分分布、对流换热过程。本文以分析火灾燃烧特性与火灾时期风流紊乱逆流的原因为基础,建立了矿井典型场景火灾燃烧的数学及物理模型,应用FLUENT数值模拟技术,研究矿井典型场景火灾烟气流动及温度分布规律。首先,建立了水平单巷物理模型、水平工作面物理模型,在不影响火灾模拟的基础上,复杂问题简单化,运用fluent的建模软件Gambit建立所研究问题的物理模型,采用RNG k-ε两方程湍流模型、Pl辐射模型、能量方程、组分输运模型及PDF燃烧模型在fluent中解算,得到以CO2所表示的烟气分布、巷道截面的温度分布、及辐射换热对巷道的影响范围、不同风速条件下火势的发展范围。利用FLUENT进行数值模拟得出了入口风速对火源蔓延的影响,燃料流量对火源蔓延的影响,火源燃烧随时间的变化规律及烟气蔓延特点,得出了要控制巷道烟气回流可以采取增加纵向通风速度,但是也加快了烟气向巷道下游蔓延的速度,因此合理的纵向风速,对巷道火灾时期灭火救灾及人员逃生,会有重要作用。
[Abstract]:The mine fire not only destroys the underground equipment and burns and blocks a large number of coal resources, but also causes the spread and spread of a large number of flue gas pollutants during the fire period, which will lead to a rapid increase in the air flow temperature in the entire mine ventilation network. Even in the local roadway fire wind pressure occurs smoke flow reverse retreat phenomenon resulting in air flow backflow and disturbance enlarge the disaster area in the well and increase the loss of fire. If the mine fire prevention measures are insufficient, it may cause gas explosion accident, cause more serious losses, underground high temperature, toxic environment seriously threaten the safety of underground workers. Quickly and accurately grasp the distribution law of pressure, temperature and pollutants in the period of mine, timely implement the correct disaster prevention methods can greatly reduce the casualties and resource losses caused by fire, and correctly guide personnel to escape from disasters. It is of great significance to reduce the casualties caused by the fire and to control the rapid development of the fire. Over the years, experiments and numerical simulation have been the main way to study fire. The simulation research has the advantages of less cost, shorter time, and can be studied repeatedly, especially with the development of modern science and technology. Computer technology has been widely used in various fields. In the field of fire science, CFD (Computational fluid Dynamics) software has been paid much attention. At present, the commonly used CFD software has FLUENT,PHOENICS, STAR-CD,FDS and so on. Among them, FLUENT has rich physical models, advanced numerical methods and powerful pre-and post-processing functions. It involves many engineering problems such as fluid, radiation heat transfer and combustion, and is widely used in various industries at present. Because the biggest harm caused by mine fire is mainly toxic and harmful gases and the disturbance of tunnel air flow, this paper mainly simulates the distribution of tunnel temperature during the fire period, the distribution of toxic and harmful components in flue gas, and the convection heat transfer process. In this paper, based on the analysis of fire combustion characteristics and the causes of air flow disturbance during fire, the mathematical and physical models of fire combustion in typical mine scenes are established, and the numerical simulation technology of FLUENT is applied. The law of smoke flow and temperature distribution in typical mine fire scene is studied. Firstly, the physical model of horizontal single lane and horizontal working face is established. On the basis of no influence on fire simulation, the complex problem is simplified, and the physical model of the studied problem is established by using the modeling software Gambit of fluent. The RNG k-蔚 two-equation turbulence model, Pl radiation model, energy equation, component transport model and PDF combustion model are used to solve in fluent. The smoke distribution and temperature distribution of tunnel cross section expressed by CO2 are obtained. And the influence range of radiation heat transfer on roadway and the development range of fire under different wind speed conditions. The influence of inlet wind speed on fire spread, fuel flow rate on fire source spread, fire combustion variation with time and smoke spreading characteristics were obtained by numerical simulation with FLUENT, and the influence of inlet air velocity on fire source spread, fuel flow rate on fire source spread and smoke spreading characteristics were obtained. It is concluded that the speed of longitudinal ventilation can be increased to control the return of flue gas in the tunnel, but it also speeds up the spread of flue gas downstream of the tunnel. Therefore, reasonable longitudinal wind speed, fire fighting and disaster relief in tunnel fire period and escape of personnel are also accelerated. It will play an important role.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TD752
本文编号：2440046
[Abstract]:The mine fire not only destroys the underground equipment and burns and blocks a large number of coal resources, but also causes the spread and spread of a large number of flue gas pollutants during the fire period, which will lead to a rapid increase in the air flow temperature in the entire mine ventilation network. Even in the local roadway fire wind pressure occurs smoke flow reverse retreat phenomenon resulting in air flow backflow and disturbance enlarge the disaster area in the well and increase the loss of fire. If the mine fire prevention measures are insufficient, it may cause gas explosion accident, cause more serious losses, underground high temperature, toxic environment seriously threaten the safety of underground workers. Quickly and accurately grasp the distribution law of pressure, temperature and pollutants in the period of mine, timely implement the correct disaster prevention methods can greatly reduce the casualties and resource losses caused by fire, and correctly guide personnel to escape from disasters. It is of great significance to reduce the casualties caused by the fire and to control the rapid development of the fire. Over the years, experiments and numerical simulation have been the main way to study fire. The simulation research has the advantages of less cost, shorter time, and can be studied repeatedly, especially with the development of modern science and technology. Computer technology has been widely used in various fields. In the field of fire science, CFD (Computational fluid Dynamics) software has been paid much attention. At present, the commonly used CFD software has FLUENT,PHOENICS, STAR-CD,FDS and so on. Among them, FLUENT has rich physical models, advanced numerical methods and powerful pre-and post-processing functions. It involves many engineering problems such as fluid, radiation heat transfer and combustion, and is widely used in various industries at present. Because the biggest harm caused by mine fire is mainly toxic and harmful gases and the disturbance of tunnel air flow, this paper mainly simulates the distribution of tunnel temperature during the fire period, the distribution of toxic and harmful components in flue gas, and the convection heat transfer process. In this paper, based on the analysis of fire combustion characteristics and the causes of air flow disturbance during fire, the mathematical and physical models of fire combustion in typical mine scenes are established, and the numerical simulation technology of FLUENT is applied. The law of smoke flow and temperature distribution in typical mine fire scene is studied. Firstly, the physical model of horizontal single lane and horizontal working face is established. On the basis of no influence on fire simulation, the complex problem is simplified, and the physical model of the studied problem is established by using the modeling software Gambit of fluent. The RNG k-蔚 two-equation turbulence model, Pl radiation model, energy equation, component transport model and PDF combustion model are used to solve in fluent. The smoke distribution and temperature distribution of tunnel cross section expressed by CO2 are obtained. And the influence range of radiation heat transfer on roadway and the development range of fire under different wind speed conditions. The influence of inlet wind speed on fire spread, fuel flow rate on fire source spread, fire combustion variation with time and smoke spreading characteristics were obtained by numerical simulation with FLUENT, and the influence of inlet air velocity on fire source spread, fuel flow rate on fire source spread and smoke spreading characteristics were obtained. It is concluded that the speed of longitudinal ventilation can be increased to control the return of flue gas in the tunnel, but it also speeds up the spread of flue gas downstream of the tunnel. Therefore, reasonable longitudinal wind speed, fire fighting and disaster relief in tunnel fire period and escape of personnel are also accelerated. It will play an important role.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TD752
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