窗户开启率和太阳辐射对街谷流场的影响
发布时间：2019-03-24 21:00
【摘要】：对于大多数民用建筑而言,风压作用下的自然通风是通风的主要形式,而自然通风也是改善室内空气品质和热湿环境的重要手段之一。显然,稳定的通风换气对于维持室内健康良好的环境是十分重要的。 一般情况下,在应用自然通风公式时,常将建筑近似简化为封闭的长方体。但是,实际情况下,建筑的住户会打开窗户通风改善室内空气环境(特别是春季和秋季),如果建筑立面上的窗户开启较多,会对街谷的流场和压力场形成一定的影响,进而影响自然通风公式的应用。此外,当建筑的一个立面接受阳光辐射,表面被加热,在受热面附近会形成向上的热羽流,进而改变街谷内的气流分布。因此,热效应也是影响街谷气流分布的重要因素之一。 在对夏热冬冷地区典型城市上海的居住建筑窗户开启率情况调查和建筑壁面和地面与背景空气的温差进行测量后,以调查和测量的数据结果为依据,针对不同的窗户开启率(WOP)和太阳辐射条件情况,利用数值模拟方法对街谷流场和温度场进行研究。 本文研究结果表明：窗户开启率对迎风建筑两侧的静压差影响较小,可以忽略不计,但开启率对背风建筑静压差的影响显著,在计算自然通风量时,必须考虑窗户开启率对背风建筑通风量的影响；考虑到建筑不开窗情况是获取房间通风口两侧静压差的基本模型,故本文建议设置流量系数的修正系数k将其他房间开窗通风对计算房间通风口两侧静压差的影响考虑进去,并给出了修正系数k取值范围：窗户开启率为4.44%时,μ的修正系数k=0.43～0.49；开启率为9.78%时k=0.32～0.36；通过定义静压差影响因子w,分析发现太阳辐射对于背风建筑附近静压分布的影响大于迎风建筑,且对于迎风建筑,背风面散热情况影响最大,迎风面散热情况的影响最小；街道内热效应对建筑房间静压分布和自然通风的影响效果存在临界风速(Vc),不同散热强度时对应的临界风速(Vc)不同。
[Abstract]:For most civil buildings, natural ventilation under the action of wind pressure is the main form of ventilation, and natural ventilation is also one of the important means to improve indoor air quality and thermal and humid environment. It is clear that stable ventilation is very important to maintain a healthy indoor environment. In general, when applying natural ventilation formula, buildings are usually simplified as closed cuboids. However, in practice, the residents of the building will open their windows to improve the indoor air environment (especially in spring and autumn). If more windows are opened on the facade of the building, it will have a certain impact on the flow field and pressure field in the street valley. Furthermore, the application of natural ventilation formula is affected. In addition, when one of the facades of the building is exposed to sunlight and the surface is heated, an upward thermal plume is formed near the heated surface, which in turn changes the airflow distribution in the street valley. Therefore, the thermal effect is also one of the important factors affecting the distribution of air flow in the street valley. After investigating the opening rate of the windows of residential buildings in Shanghai, a typical city in hot summer and cold winter, and measuring the temperature difference between the building wall and the ground and the background air, the results are based on the data obtained from the survey and measurement. The flow field and temperature field in street valley are studied by numerical simulation method according to different window opening ratio (WOP) and solar radiation conditions. The results show that the window opening rate has little effect on the static pressure difference on both sides of the upwind building, which can be ignored, but the effect of the opening rate on the static pressure difference of the leeward building is significant. When calculating the natural ventilation volume, the static pressure difference of the backwind building is significantly affected by the opening rate of the window. The effect of window opening rate on ventilation of leeward building must be considered; Considering that not opening windows is a basic model for obtaining static pressure difference on both sides of a room vent, it is suggested to set a modified coefficient k to take into account the effect of windowing ventilation in other rooms on the calculation of static pressure difference on both sides of a room vent. The range of correction coefficient k is given as follows: when the opening rate of window is 4.44%, the correction coefficient of 渭 is 0.43% 0.49; When the opening rate is 9.78%, kw 0.32 and 0.36; By defining the influence factor w of static pressure difference, it is found that the influence of solar radiation on the static pressure distribution in the vicinity of the leeward building is greater than that of the upwind building, and for the upwind building, the influence of the backwind surface heat dissipation is the greatest and the upwind side heat dissipation is the least. The effect of street thermal effect on the static pressure distribution and natural ventilation of building rooms has different critical wind velocity (Vc) when the critical wind speed (Vc), is different with different heat dissipation intensity.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU834
本文编号：2446674
[Abstract]:For most civil buildings, natural ventilation under the action of wind pressure is the main form of ventilation, and natural ventilation is also one of the important means to improve indoor air quality and thermal and humid environment. It is clear that stable ventilation is very important to maintain a healthy indoor environment. In general, when applying natural ventilation formula, buildings are usually simplified as closed cuboids. However, in practice, the residents of the building will open their windows to improve the indoor air environment (especially in spring and autumn). If more windows are opened on the facade of the building, it will have a certain impact on the flow field and pressure field in the street valley. Furthermore, the application of natural ventilation formula is affected. In addition, when one of the facades of the building is exposed to sunlight and the surface is heated, an upward thermal plume is formed near the heated surface, which in turn changes the airflow distribution in the street valley. Therefore, the thermal effect is also one of the important factors affecting the distribution of air flow in the street valley. After investigating the opening rate of the windows of residential buildings in Shanghai, a typical city in hot summer and cold winter, and measuring the temperature difference between the building wall and the ground and the background air, the results are based on the data obtained from the survey and measurement. The flow field and temperature field in street valley are studied by numerical simulation method according to different window opening ratio (WOP) and solar radiation conditions. The results show that the window opening rate has little effect on the static pressure difference on both sides of the upwind building, which can be ignored, but the effect of the opening rate on the static pressure difference of the leeward building is significant. When calculating the natural ventilation volume, the static pressure difference of the backwind building is significantly affected by the opening rate of the window. The effect of window opening rate on ventilation of leeward building must be considered; Considering that not opening windows is a basic model for obtaining static pressure difference on both sides of a room vent, it is suggested to set a modified coefficient k to take into account the effect of windowing ventilation in other rooms on the calculation of static pressure difference on both sides of a room vent. The range of correction coefficient k is given as follows: when the opening rate of window is 4.44%, the correction coefficient of 渭 is 0.43% 0.49; When the opening rate is 9.78%, kw 0.32 and 0.36; By defining the influence factor w of static pressure difference, it is found that the influence of solar radiation on the static pressure distribution in the vicinity of the leeward building is greater than that of the upwind building, and for the upwind building, the influence of the backwind surface heat dissipation is the greatest and the upwind side heat dissipation is the least. The effect of street thermal effect on the static pressure distribution and natural ventilation of building rooms has different critical wind velocity (Vc) when the critical wind speed (Vc), is different with different heat dissipation intensity.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU834
【参考文献】
中国期刊全文数据库 前9条
1 赵彬,林波荣,李先庭,江亿;建筑群风环境的数值模拟仿真优化设计[J];城市规划汇刊;2002年02期
2 刘春艳;彭兴黔;赵青春;;沿海城市住宅小区风环境研究[J];福建建筑;2010年07期
3 王远成,吴文权;不同形状建筑物周围风环境的研究[J];上海理工大学学报;2004年01期
4 苗世光,蒋维楣,王晓云,张宁,季崇萍,李炬;城市小区气象与污染扩散数值模式建立的研究[J];环境科学学报;2002年04期
5 汤广发,赵福云,周安伟;城市住宅小区风环境数值分析[J];湖南大学学报(自然科学版);2003年02期
6 赵福云,汤广发,刘娣,刘志强 ,周安伟;住宅小区风环境数值模拟[J];暖通空调;2005年01期
7 闫凤英;王新华;吴有聪;;城市住宅小区建筑室内外环境对局部气候的影响[J];太阳能学报;2010年04期
8 李磊,胡非,程雪玲,韩浩玉;Fluent在城市街区大气环境中的一个应用[J];中国科学院研究生院学报;2004年04期
9 吴义章,李阳,齐常生;建筑风环境模拟及其舒适性判断[J];郑州大学学报(自然科学版);2001年01期
中国硕士学位论文全文数据库 前1条
1 陈丽;武汉市下垫面建筑热环境性能数值模拟[D];华中科技大学;2007年
，本文编号：2446674
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/anquangongcheng/2446674.html
