内蒙古毛乌素沙地沙漠化灾害孕灾环境评价
发布时间：2019-04-08 17:17
【摘要】：本文选择内蒙古典型的生态环境脆弱区—毛乌素沙地沙漠化灾害孕灾环境为研究对象，通过对沙漠化灾害孕灾环境的科学评价，对北方农牧交错带土地沙漠化灾害的防止和生态环境建设与区域可持续发展提供合理的建议和依据。 本文运用ENVI、Excel、ArcGIS等软件工具和数理统计方法，对影响内蒙古毛乌素沙地沙漠化灾害的自然和人为因素辨识，建立孕灾环境评价指标体系和评价模型，对研究区的沙漠化灾害孕灾环境进行评价，获取研究区2009年孕灾环境危险性指数并划分孕灾环境危险性等级。通过分析研究，主要结论如下： 1．毛乌素沙地荒漠化严重，占研究区总面积72%；以风蚀沙漠化为主，占荒漠化总面积的96%以上，占研究区总面积的68%左右；重度风蚀沙漠化比重最大，占研究区总面积的26%。风沙土和沙丘分布广，分别占研究区面积的69%和81%，沙地植被占研究区82%。丰富的沙物质为沙漠化灾害发生和发展提供了物质基础。据研究乌审旗沙漠化最严重，土地沙漠化指数最高，植被覆盖指数最低。其次是伊金霍洛旗和鄂托克前旗。 2．沙漠化灾害孕灾环境危险等级的划分，与自然和人为因素的关系密切。选择毛乌素沙地6个旗县为评价单元，建立孕灾环境评价指标体系，包括降水量、气温、地貌类型、土壤类型、植被类型、土地沙漠化指数和植被覆盖指数，，人口密度和牲畜载蓄量等指标值，运用层次分析法确定指标权重，建立孕灾环境危险性评价模型，通过评价模型得出危险性程度分区。危险性程度由大到小为:乌审旗伊金霍洛旗鄂托克旗杭锦旗鄂托克前旗东胜区。 3．沙漠化灾害的发生与发展是自然和人为共同作用下的结果，沙漠化灾害的自然原因包括地貌条件、土壤类型、植被类型以及气象变化等，其中气象变化是沙漠化灾害孕灾环境的主要自然动力条件；社会经济因素涉及到多方面的因素，如人口与土地利用、牲畜载蓄量等因素。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the desertification disaster pregnant environment in Maowusu Sandland, a typical ecological environment fragile area in Inner Mongolia, is chosen as the research object, and the scientific evaluation of the desertification disaster pregnant environment is carried out. It provides reasonable suggestions and basis for the prevention of desertification disaster, ecological environment construction and regional sustainable development in the farming-pastoral ecotone of northern China. In this paper, ENVI,Excel,ArcGIS and other software tools and mathematical statistics are used to identify the natural and man-made factors affecting desertification disaster in Maowusu Sandy Land of Inner Mongolia, and the evaluation index system and evaluation model of pregnant environment are established. This paper evaluates the pregnant environment of desertification disaster in the study area, obtains the hazard index of pregnant disaster environment in 2009 and classifies the hazard level of pregnant disaster environment in the study area. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The desertification of Maowusu sandy land is serious, accounting for 72% of the total area of the study area, mainly wind erosion desertification, accounting for more than 96% of the total desertification area, accounting for 68% of the total area of the study area; The proportion of severe wind erosion desertification is the largest, accounting for 26% of the total area of the study area. Wind-blown sand soil and sand dunes are widely distributed, accounting for 69% and 81% of the area of the study area respectively, and sandy land vegetation accounts for 82% of the study area. Abundant sand material provides the material basis for the occurrence and development of desertification disaster. According to the study, the desertification is the most serious, the land desertification index is the highest, and the vegetation cover index is the lowest. Next is the Yijin Hollow Banner and the Ottok Front Banner. 2. The classification of environmental hazard grade of desertification disaster is closely related to natural and man-made factors. Six flag counties in Maowusu sandy land were selected as evaluation units to establish the evaluation index system of pregnant disaster environment, including precipitation, air temperature, geomorphologic type, soil type, vegetation type, land desertification index and vegetation cover index. The index weights of population density and livestock capacity are determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the hazard assessment model of pregnant disaster environment is established. The risk degree division is obtained through the evaluation model. The danger level is from big to small: Yijinhuoluo Banner, Okok Banner, Hangjin Banner, Etoke Banner, Dongsheng District, Otok Front Banner, Wushen Banner. 3. The occurrence and development of desertification disasters are the result of both natural and man-made actions. The natural causes of desertification disasters include geomorphological conditions, soil types, vegetation types and meteorological changes, etc. Among them, meteorological change is the main natural dynamic condition of desertification disaster pregnant environment. Socio-economic factors involve many factors, such as population and land use, livestock capacity and so on.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X43;X821
本文编号：2454764
[Abstract]:In this paper, the desertification disaster pregnant environment in Maowusu Sandland, a typical ecological environment fragile area in Inner Mongolia, is chosen as the research object, and the scientific evaluation of the desertification disaster pregnant environment is carried out. It provides reasonable suggestions and basis for the prevention of desertification disaster, ecological environment construction and regional sustainable development in the farming-pastoral ecotone of northern China. In this paper, ENVI,Excel,ArcGIS and other software tools and mathematical statistics are used to identify the natural and man-made factors affecting desertification disaster in Maowusu Sandy Land of Inner Mongolia, and the evaluation index system and evaluation model of pregnant environment are established. This paper evaluates the pregnant environment of desertification disaster in the study area, obtains the hazard index of pregnant disaster environment in 2009 and classifies the hazard level of pregnant disaster environment in the study area. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The desertification of Maowusu sandy land is serious, accounting for 72% of the total area of the study area, mainly wind erosion desertification, accounting for more than 96% of the total desertification area, accounting for 68% of the total area of the study area; The proportion of severe wind erosion desertification is the largest, accounting for 26% of the total area of the study area. Wind-blown sand soil and sand dunes are widely distributed, accounting for 69% and 81% of the area of the study area respectively, and sandy land vegetation accounts for 82% of the study area. Abundant sand material provides the material basis for the occurrence and development of desertification disaster. According to the study, the desertification is the most serious, the land desertification index is the highest, and the vegetation cover index is the lowest. Next is the Yijin Hollow Banner and the Ottok Front Banner. 2. The classification of environmental hazard grade of desertification disaster is closely related to natural and man-made factors. Six flag counties in Maowusu sandy land were selected as evaluation units to establish the evaluation index system of pregnant disaster environment, including precipitation, air temperature, geomorphologic type, soil type, vegetation type, land desertification index and vegetation cover index. The index weights of population density and livestock capacity are determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the hazard assessment model of pregnant disaster environment is established. The risk degree division is obtained through the evaluation model. The danger level is from big to small: Yijinhuoluo Banner, Okok Banner, Hangjin Banner, Etoke Banner, Dongsheng District, Otok Front Banner, Wushen Banner. 3. The occurrence and development of desertification disasters are the result of both natural and man-made actions. The natural causes of desertification disasters include geomorphological conditions, soil types, vegetation types and meteorological changes, etc. Among them, meteorological change is the main natural dynamic condition of desertification disaster pregnant environment. Socio-economic factors involve many factors, such as population and land use, livestock capacity and so on.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X43;X821
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