自然风特性及其对自然通风效果的影响研究

发布时间：2019-05-12 12:52

【摘要】：能源与环境问题的双重压力下，自然通风技术逐渐受到人们的关注，合理的应用自然通风这项技术可以取代或者部分取代空调技术，改善人们生活、工作的热湿环境，从而达到节能的目的。目前对于自然通风的研究许多是基于稳态边界条件下的，而实际自然风风速不是恒定不变的，而是随时间呈现的表面看似无规律却内部存在自身规律的随机波动风。本文首先分析了自然风的特性，尤其是对自然风的波动特性进行了详细介绍，分析了自然风的自相关性，同时也对目前自然风的几种预测模型进行了总结研究。其次在分析自然风特性的基础上，利用蒙特卡罗GARCH（1,1）数学模型，以长沙市典型年气象数据为依据，预测出时间间隔为1min的风速分布值。为比较不同风速边界对自然通风效果的影响，建立单区两开口自然通风建筑模型，考虑恒定风速、正弦风速、预测随机风速三种不同的边界条件，计算比较室内温度、通风小时数及通风节能情况。居住建筑一般通过内隔墙将一个大空间分割成包括客厅、卧室、厨房、卫生间等多个房间，各个房间之间通过门来连通，通风相互影响，不同的开窗行为将形成室内不同的通风方式。因此，在本文最后，，以预测随机风作为风速边界条件，利用Airpak软件对不同开窗行为下的居住建筑进行了数值模拟。利用室内气流组织和室内通风量作为非稳态通风的评价指标，分析比较了不同的开窗行为对居住建筑室内通风效果的影响，最后指出自然通风与建筑能耗在确定建筑朝向上的矛盾，提出考虑自然通风的建筑能耗综合期望值，确定建筑最佳朝向。
[Abstract]:Under the dual pressure of energy and environment, natural ventilation technology has been paid more and more attention. The reasonable application of natural ventilation technology can replace or partly replace air conditioning technology and improve the hot and humid environment in which people live and work. In order to achieve the purpose of energy conservation. At present, many studies on natural ventilation are based on steady-state boundary conditions, but the actual natural wind speed is not constant, but the surface appears irregular with time but has its own law of random fluctuation wind. In this paper, the characteristics of natural wind, especially the fluctuation characteristics of natural wind, are introduced in detail, and the autocorrelation of natural wind is analyzed. At the same time, several prediction models of natural wind are summarized and studied. Secondly, on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of natural wind, using Monte Carlo GARCH (1, 1) mathematical model, based on the typical annual meteorological data of Changsha City, the wind speed distribution value with time interval of 1min is predicted. In order to compare the influence of different wind speed boundaries on natural ventilation effect, a single area and two opening natural ventilation building model is established. Three different boundary conditions, constant wind speed, sinusoidal wind speed and prediction of random wind speed, are considered, and the indoor temperature is calculated and compared. Ventilation hours and ventilation energy saving. Residential buildings generally divide a large space into living rooms, bedrooms, kitchens, bathrooms and other rooms through the inner partition wall. Each room is connected through the door, and the ventilation affects each other. Different window opening behavior will form different ventilation methods in the room. Therefore, at the end of this paper, the predicted random wind is used as the wind speed boundary condition, and the Airpak software is used to simulate the residential buildings under different window opening behavior. Using indoor air distribution and indoor ventilation as the evaluation index of unstable ventilation, the effects of different window opening behavior on indoor ventilation effect of residential buildings are analyzed and compared. Finally, the contradiction between natural ventilation and building energy consumption in determining building orientation is pointed out, and the comprehensive expected value of building energy consumption considering natural ventilation is put forward to determine the best direction of building.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU834.1;TU119

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