石化装置安全仪表系统完整性等级设计方法及应用

发布时间：2019-06-08 08:06

【摘要】：安全仪表系统(SIS)作为过程工业中重要的安全控制措施,在防止事故发生和降低事故后果方面有重要的作用。然而,SIS经常出现拒动作或误跳车等现象,导致其散失安全功能。为了避免SIS的拒动作和误跳车,本课题对国内石化装置中应用的SIS进行总结、分类得出16大类SIS和56条安全仪表功能(SIF),并分析得出SIS的SIL等级设计不合理是其拒动作和误跳车的主要原因。为解决以上问题,本课题提出了基于分类信息的安全仪表系统完整性等级设计方法,主要包括四部分：(1)HAZOP分析,确定设备是否存在高风险偏差。(2)基于风险分析的SIL设计,融合风险矩阵分析和保护层分析,辨识高风险设备需要设置SIS的SIL,并使用故障树模型和可靠性框图模型验证SIL；同时使用贝叶斯估计危险失效率,提高SIL验证的可靠性。(3)基于经验的SIL设计,通过辨识设备种类,并提供同类设备的SIS经验信息,作为SIL辨识和验证的依据。(4)得出设计结论,综合考虑(2)和(3)步骤中的结果,完成SIL设计。本课题基于上述方法,利用C#和SQL数据库开发了石化装置安全仪表系统完整性等级设计软件。软件在传统风险分析设计SIL的基础上,增加了经验设计SIL,并在SIL验证部分引入贝叶斯估计,提高SIL设计的准确性,有效避免SIS的拒动作和误跳车。本课题最后将方法与软件应用于蜡油加氢装置的静动两类设备的SIL设计中,并以循环氢脱硫塔和循环氢压缩机系统为例,说明了方法与软件设计设备SIL的具体过程。结果表明,应用本课题提出的SIL设计方法和软件可以在一定程度上避免SIS的拒动作和误跳车。
[Abstract]:As an important safety control measure in process industry, safety instrument system (SIS) plays an important role in preventing accidents and reducing accident consequences. However, SIS often appears the phenomenon of refusing to act or jumping by mistake, which leads to the loss of safety function. In order to avoid the rejection and misjump of SIS, this paper summarizes the SIS used in domestic petrochemical plants, and classifies 16 kinds of SIS and 56 safety instrument functions (SIF),. It is concluded that the unreasonable SIL grade design of SIS is the main reason for its refusal to act and jump by mistake. In order to solve the above problems, this paper puts forward a design method of safety instrument system integrity level based on classified information, which mainly includes four parts: (1) HAZOP analysis, Determine whether there is a high risk deviation of the equipment. (2) SIL design based on risk analysis, fusion risk matrix analysis and protection layer analysis, identification of high risk equipment needs to set up SIS SIL, The fault tree model and reliability block diagram model are used to verify SIL;. At the same time, Bayesian is used to estimate the risk failure rate and improve the reliability of SIL verification. (3) the empirical SIL design is based on experience, and the SIS empirical information of the same kind of equipment is provided by identifying the type of equipment. As the basis of SIL identification and verification. (4) the design conclusion is obtained, and the SIL design is completed by considering the results of (2) and (3) steps. Based on the above methods, the integrity grade design software of safety instrument system in petrochemical plant is developed by using C # and SQL database. On the basis of traditional risk analysis and design of SIL, empirical design SIL, is added and Bayesian estimation is introduced into SIL verification part to improve the accuracy of SIL design and effectively avoid SIS rejection and misjump. Finally, the method and software are applied to the SIL design of static and dynamic equipment of wax oil hydrogenation unit, and the concrete process of the method and software design equipment SIL is explained by taking the circulating hydrogen desulphurization tower and circulating hydrogen compressor system as examples. The results show that the rejection and misjump of SIS can be avoided to a certain extent by using the SIL design method and software proposed in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X937;X924.4

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