人的不安全行为相关理论及控制方法的研究
发布时间：2019-06-11 21:07
【摘要】：事故致因理论是安全科学的重要组成部分,也是指导安全管理工作的重要依据和思路。海因里希因果连锁和博德因果连锁等现代事故致因理论都表明,人的不安全行为是导致事故发生的最重要因素之一。人既是一切生产系统最重要的构成要素,同时也是系统安全最重要的决定因素和最根本的因素,研究人的行为对根本性改善安全绩效和提升安全管理水平,具有极为重要的工程应用价值和学术理论价值。随着科学技术的进步和人类安全科学知识的不断丰富,人类行为安全的研究有必要与时俱进地得到研究和深化,如,随着先进的自动化控制系统和IT产业的兴起,人机对话行为的失误有可能会造成系统灾难性事故的发生,而与此有关的行为在原有的人的不安全行为的界定和分类中并没有定义；再如,随着心理学、行为学、生理学、管理学等科学理论研究的不断深入以及从业人员文化素质、素养的提高,原有粗放型控制人的行为的方法渐趋落后,如何能激发人自身的潜能和心理因素,最大限度地实现人们由不安全的行为向安全行为的转变等,便变得无比的必要和紧迫。本论文以实现人的行为的控制为目的,研究了人的不安全行为的界定和分类、人的不安全行为的影响因素、人的不安全行为影响因素的层次性和权重,以及人的不安全行为的控制方法等内容。论文研究的总体思路是：人的行为是行为人自身心理、意识支配下的身体活动,安全管理或其他外部的约束、控制措施很难直接作用于人们的行为、控制人的行为,所以,要想实现人的行为的控制,就必须从影响人们行为的各种因素入手,通过控制或干预这些影响因素,来最终实现对人的行为的控制。论文在分析现有概念和分类缺陷的基础上,首先研究了人的不安全行为界定及类型,对现有相关内容进行了完善和补充；在明确人的不安全行为定义和分类的基础上,研究了人的不安全行为的影响因素,研究表明,人的行为主要受控于人们的心理、生理、组织和环境等四大因素系统；采用鱼刺图分析法等系统工程方法,分析了各因素系统影响因素的构成,并在此基础上,采用德尔菲法等专家调查法,研究了人的不安全行为影响因素的层次性和权重,并对各种影响因素的重要性进行了排序；在此基础上,选择了影响人们行为的最重要的四个影响因素作为研究对象,研究了它们的干预、控制方法,主要涉及能力因素、性格因素、意识因素和安全文化因素控制方法的研究,研究表明,培训和教育、管理和约束、有效的激励机制、良好的工作氛围等,都是控制人的不安全行为的重要方法与途径。在研究人的不安全行为控制方法的基础上,论文以杜邦公司员工安全行为管理方法(STOP管理)为实例,采用比照法,验证了论文阐述方法的正确性,研究结果表明,论文研究所得的人的不安全行为控制方法是可行和有效的。
[Abstract]:The theory of accident causation is not only an important part of safety science, but also an important basis and train of thought to guide safety management. Modern accident causation theories such as Heinrich causality chain and Bauder causality chain show that human unsafe behavior is one of the most important factors leading to accidents. Human is not only the most important constituent element of all production systems, but also the most important determinant and fundamental factor of system safety. the study of human behavior is of great importance to the fundamental improvement of safety performance and the improvement of safety management level, which is of great engineering application value and academic theoretical value. With the progress of science and technology and the continuous enrichment of human safety scientific knowledge, it is necessary to keep pace with the times to study and deepen the research of human behavior safety. For example, with the rise of advanced automatic control system and IT industry, the error of man-machine dialogue behavior may lead to the occurrence of catastrophic accidents of the system, but the related behavior is not defined in the definition and classification of the original unsafe behavior of human beings. For example, with the deepening of scientific theoretical research such as psychology, behavior, physiology, management and the improvement of employees' cultural quality and literacy, the original extensive methods of controlling human behavior are becoming backward. How to stimulate people's own potential and psychological factors, and to maximize the transformation of people from unsafe behavior to safe behavior, has become extremely necessary and urgent. In order to realize the control of human behavior, this paper studies the definition and classification of human unsafe behavior, the influencing factors of human unsafe behavior, the level and weight of influencing factors of human unsafe behavior, and the control methods of human unsafe behavior. The overall idea of this paper is: human behavior is the actor's own psychology, consciousness-dominated physical activities, safety management or other external constraints, control measures are difficult to directly affect people's behavior, control human behavior, so in order to achieve the control of human behavior, we must start with various factors that affect people's behavior, through control or intervention of these influencing factors. To finally realize the control of human behavior. On the basis of analyzing the existing concepts and classification defects, this paper first studies the definition and types of human unsafe behavior, and perfects and supplements the existing related contents. On the basis of defining the definition and classification of human unsafe behavior, this paper studies the influencing factors of human unsafe behavior, and the research shows that human behavior is mainly controlled by people's psychological, physiological, organizational and environmental factors. The composition of the influencing factors of each factor system is analyzed by using the systematic engineering methods such as fish prickle diagram analysis. On this basis, the hierarchy and weight of the influencing factors of human unsafe behavior are studied by using the expert investigation method such as Delphi method, and the importance of various influencing factors is sorted. On this basis, the four most important influencing factors affecting people's behavior are selected as the research objects, and their intervention, control methods, mainly involving ability factor, personality factor, consciousness factor and safety culture factor control method are studied. The research shows that training and education, management and restraint, effective incentive mechanism, good working atmosphere and so on. Are important ways and means to control human unsafe behavior. On the basis of studying the control method of human unsafe behavior, this paper takes DuPont employee safety behavior management method (STOP management) as an example, and adopts the comparison method to verify the correctness of the method described in this paper. the research results show that the method of human unsafe behavior control obtained in this paper is feasible and effective.
【学位授予单位】：华东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X911;X928
本文编号：2497453
[Abstract]:The theory of accident causation is not only an important part of safety science, but also an important basis and train of thought to guide safety management. Modern accident causation theories such as Heinrich causality chain and Bauder causality chain show that human unsafe behavior is one of the most important factors leading to accidents. Human is not only the most important constituent element of all production systems, but also the most important determinant and fundamental factor of system safety. the study of human behavior is of great importance to the fundamental improvement of safety performance and the improvement of safety management level, which is of great engineering application value and academic theoretical value. With the progress of science and technology and the continuous enrichment of human safety scientific knowledge, it is necessary to keep pace with the times to study and deepen the research of human behavior safety. For example, with the rise of advanced automatic control system and IT industry, the error of man-machine dialogue behavior may lead to the occurrence of catastrophic accidents of the system, but the related behavior is not defined in the definition and classification of the original unsafe behavior of human beings. For example, with the deepening of scientific theoretical research such as psychology, behavior, physiology, management and the improvement of employees' cultural quality and literacy, the original extensive methods of controlling human behavior are becoming backward. How to stimulate people's own potential and psychological factors, and to maximize the transformation of people from unsafe behavior to safe behavior, has become extremely necessary and urgent. In order to realize the control of human behavior, this paper studies the definition and classification of human unsafe behavior, the influencing factors of human unsafe behavior, the level and weight of influencing factors of human unsafe behavior, and the control methods of human unsafe behavior. The overall idea of this paper is: human behavior is the actor's own psychology, consciousness-dominated physical activities, safety management or other external constraints, control measures are difficult to directly affect people's behavior, control human behavior, so in order to achieve the control of human behavior, we must start with various factors that affect people's behavior, through control or intervention of these influencing factors. To finally realize the control of human behavior. On the basis of analyzing the existing concepts and classification defects, this paper first studies the definition and types of human unsafe behavior, and perfects and supplements the existing related contents. On the basis of defining the definition and classification of human unsafe behavior, this paper studies the influencing factors of human unsafe behavior, and the research shows that human behavior is mainly controlled by people's psychological, physiological, organizational and environmental factors. The composition of the influencing factors of each factor system is analyzed by using the systematic engineering methods such as fish prickle diagram analysis. On this basis, the hierarchy and weight of the influencing factors of human unsafe behavior are studied by using the expert investigation method such as Delphi method, and the importance of various influencing factors is sorted. On this basis, the four most important influencing factors affecting people's behavior are selected as the research objects, and their intervention, control methods, mainly involving ability factor, personality factor, consciousness factor and safety culture factor control method are studied. The research shows that training and education, management and restraint, effective incentive mechanism, good working atmosphere and so on. Are important ways and means to control human unsafe behavior. On the basis of studying the control method of human unsafe behavior, this paper takes DuPont employee safety behavior management method (STOP management) as an example, and adopts the comparison method to verify the correctness of the method described in this paper. the research results show that the method of human unsafe behavior control obtained in this paper is feasible and effective.
【学位授予单位】：华东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X911;X928
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 曾爱华;刘其鹰;陈建林;朱贵琦;;浅议人的意识与事故发生规律的关系[J];工业安全与环保;2009年05期
，本文编号：2497453
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