高速公路紧急事件应急救援关键技术研究

发布时间：2019-06-12 02:40

【摘要】：随着我国高速公路通车里程的不断增加,高速公路的突发事件也随着越来越多,并且重特大事件时有发生;与此同时,国家对突发事件越来越重视,尤其对于突发事件的报送制度要求非常严格,而且执行效果不错。由于高速公路突发事件的应急救援具有涉及行业多、管理协调难度大、技术复杂的特点,国内相关的研究目前主要集中在应急处置流程执行、信息报送等方面,但对于紧急事件响应分级、紧急事件发生后的交通组织管理、应急资源调度和后期救援能力评估等方面现有研究还存在不足,值得深入研究,同时,找到这些问题的更优解决办法对于高速公路紧急事件的应急处置有重要实际意义。基于此,论文以广东省广乐高速公路应急救援课题和国家科技支撑计划课题“重特大道路交通事故综合预防与处置集成技术开发与示范应用”项目为依托,开展了针对高速公路紧急事件应急救援中的事件响应分级、交通组织、应急资源调度、应急救援能力评估等关键技术的研究,取得如下研究成果:(1)论文从高速公路常见交通紧急事件类别入手,分析了各种常见紧急事件可能产生的主要影响,并采用交通紧急事件的事件直接损失、应急处置难度、路网运行状态、交通影响程度等作为主要指标,通过选择合适的评定标准办法,将高速公路交通紧急事件响应等级划分为一级事件(特别重大事件)、二级事件(重大事件)、三级事件(较大事件)、四级事件(一般事件)和五级以下事件(轻微事件)等五个等级,并对每个等级的满足条件进行了规定。高速公路紧急事件响应等级确定对于高速公路应急救援决策的准确性、及时性有重要意义。(2)论文分析了高速公路紧急事件发生后对于高速公路沿线交通流的影响和交通组织的方便性,提出将高速公路紧急事件影响区域划分为不同的区段,并对不同区段的起始位置、交通组织特点等进行了分析,针对高速公路一般路段、长大下坡有避险车道和无避险车道特殊路段和隧道紧急事件发生在隧道入口、内、出口等特殊路段的交通组织按照影响区域划分进行了深入研究,提出更优的交通组织方案。(3)论文列举了高速公路应急救援物资调度的过程,采用时间最短、成本低为目标的数学模型解决应急资源的筹措(生产商到储备点)的问题;随着紧急救援开始,需要应急资源从各储备点调度到各消耗点,为满足节约成本并在指定时间内最快到达问题,通过构造数学模型来求解;在紧急救援过程中,针对储备点快速消耗掉的一种或多种应急资源需要在不同的时间阶段进行补充问题,在基于费用最低情况下,通过构建数学模型解决了快速消耗类资源的补充问题,并通过实际案例计算分析,以上提供的应急资源调度解决方法对于高速公路应急救援有实际指导意义。(4)论文首先分析了常用评估方法和各种方法的优缺点,然后根据高速公路紧急事件应急救援的特点,提出了定性与定量结合的高速公路紧急事件的应急救援能力的评估指标体系,确定应急机制保障、应急资源保障、信息与通信保障、应急监测响应、应急决策处置等为评价主要指标,并采用优化的模糊综合评价方法来完成对高速公路紧急事件救援能力进行评估,不断改进应急救援能力不足之处。
[Abstract]:With the increasing of the traffic mileage of the expressway in our country, the emergency of the expressway is more and more, and the heavy events happen frequently; at the same time, the state has paid more and more attention to the emergency, especially the requirement for the reporting system of the emergency is very strict, And the effect is good. Because the emergency rescue of the expressway emergency has the characteristics of multi-industry, difficult management and coordination and complex technology, the relevant research in China is mainly focused on the implementation of emergency treatment process and information submission, but for emergency response classification, The existing research of traffic organization management, emergency resource scheduling and post-rescue capability assessment after the emergency is still insufficient, and it is worth to-depth study. Meanwhile, finding a better solution to these problems is of great practical significance to the emergency treatment of the expressway emergency. On the basis of this, the paper has carried out the event response classification, traffic organization and emergency resource scheduling in the emergency rescue of the expressway emergency, based on the emergency rescue project of the Guangzhou-Guangzhou Expressway and the "Integrated technology development and demonstration application of comprehensive prevention and treatment of heavy road traffic accident" project of the national scientific and technological support plan. The research of key technologies such as emergency rescue capability assessment has obtained the following research results: (1) The paper starts with the common traffic emergency category of the expressway, and analyzes the main influence of various common emergency events and the direct loss of the event of the traffic emergency. The emergency treatment difficulty, the operation status of the road network, the degree of traffic impact and the like are used as the main indexes, and the highway traffic emergency response grade is divided into a first-level event (special event) and a second-level event (major event) by selecting a suitable evaluation standard method, Five levels of three-level events (large events), four-level events (general events), and five-level events (minor events) are specified and the conditions for each level are specified. The determination of the emergency response level of the expressway is of great significance to the accuracy and the timeliness of the emergency rescue decision. (2) The paper analyzes the influence of the expressway emergency on the traffic flow along the expressway and the convenience of the traffic organization, and proposes that the affected area of the expressway emergency is divided into different sections, and the starting position of the different sections is different. The characteristics of traffic organization and so on are analyzed, and the traffic organization of special sections of the tunnel entrance, the inner and the outlet and the special sections of the tunnel entrance, the inner and the outlet and other special sections in the tunnel entrance, the inner and the outlet and other special sections in the tunnel entrance, the inner and the outlet and the like is further researched in the light of the general section of the highway, And a better traffic organization scheme is proposed. (3) The paper lists the process of the emergency rescue and material dispatch of the expressway, and uses the mathematical model with the shortest time and low cost as the objective to solve the problem of the financing of the emergency resource (the manufacturer to the reserve point), and with the start of the emergency rescue, the emergency resource is required to be dispatched from each storage point to each consumption point to solve the problem that the cost is saved and the fastest arrival problem in a given time is solved; and during the emergency rescue process, one or more emergency resources which are rapidly consumed by the reserve point need to be supplemented at different time phases, The emergency resource scheduling and resolution method provided above has practical guiding significance to the emergency rescue of the expressway. (4) The paper first analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the common evaluation methods and various methods, and then, according to the characteristics of the emergency rescue of the expressway emergency, puts forward the evaluation index system of the emergency rescue capability of the expressway emergency which is combined with the qualitative and quantitative analysis, and determines the guarantee of the emergency mechanism. The emergency resource security, information and communication guarantee, emergency monitoring response, emergency decision-making disposal, etc. are the main indexes of the evaluation, and the optimized fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is adopted to complete the assessment of the emergency rescue capability of the expressway, and the deficiency of the emergency rescue capability is continuously improved.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U492.8

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