高速铁路轨道板下树脂基复合材料研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 22:10

本文选题：无机填料　切入点：聚氨酯弹性体　出处：《石家庄铁道大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国高铁飞速发展,并成功签约部分国外项目,这是高铁发展的契机,因此高铁技术的提高也是必要的。目前高速铁路轨道的主要结构是板式无砟轨道,为提高减震性能而填充的传统材料水泥沥青砂浆(CA砂浆),存在施工较复杂及强度低等问题,但取代CA砂浆的树脂填充材料成本较高,因此采用无机填料降低成本是目前的一项重要课题。本文介绍了无机粒子填充聚氨酯复合材料的国内外研究现状。以硬度、抗压强度和热重分析(TG)为测试方法,从10种无机填料中选择出性能较佳的硅灰粉、炭黑和浮石。由于无机填料和有机基体之间的不相容性,以硅烷偶联剂(KH-550)作为改性剂对硅灰粉和炭黑进行了改性。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和TG对无机填料的改性效果进行了评估。同时对比了无机填料改性前后加入到聚氨酯基体中,对其断面形貌、热稳定性、硬度和抗压强度的影响。为实现降低成本,进一步提高性能的目的,还采用正交设计的方法,找到浮石、改性硅灰粉和改性炭黑同时加入到聚氨酯基体中的最佳比例。最后,向聚氨酯/多种无机填料中加入磷酸三丁酯、XP3018型消泡剂、DF8868型消泡剂和DF176型消泡剂4种消泡剂,找到能最大程度提高复合材料性能的消泡剂。本文共得出以下结论:(1)加入无机填料可以改善聚氨酯的硬度、抗压强度和热稳定性,其中加入硅灰粉、炭黑和浮石的复合材料性能较好。(2)用KH-550改性硅灰粉可以提高其在聚氨酯中的分散性,当改性硅灰粉掺量为40%时,复合材料的性能最佳。(3)用KH-550改性炭黑可以提高其在聚氨酯中的分散性,当改性炭黑掺量为3%时,复合材料的性能最佳。(4)当改性硅灰粉、改性炭黑和浮石的配比为30:1:3时,聚氨酯/多种无机填料复合材料的性能最佳。不同粒径的填料按照一定的配比加入到复合材料后,增加了结构的密实度,盐碱介质难以浸入。同时填料通过阻止裂纹扩展或改变裂纹扩展方向,实现材料性能的提升。并且更密实的无机填料网络,增大了对有机材料的覆盖及对聚合物分子链运动的限制,耐热性也得到了提升。(5)掺加DF-8868型消泡剂,由于其表面张力低,容易被液膜吸附,使液膜变薄,气泡破裂,填料实现紧密堆积,进一步提高其力学性能和耐热性。气泡减少,则由于气泡破裂形成的空穴缺陷减少,盐碱介质不易进入基体内造成软化、溶胀破坏,因此耐候性提高。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of high-speed rail in China and the successful signing of some foreign projects is an opportunity for the development of high-speed rail, so the improvement of high-speed rail technology is also necessary. At present, the main structure of high-speed railway track is slab ballastless track. In order to improve the shock absorption performance, the traditional cement asphalt mortar filled with CA mortar has some problems such as complex construction and low strength, but the cost of the resin filling material replacing CA mortar is high. Therefore, using inorganic filler to reduce cost is an important subject at present. This paper introduces the domestic and international research status of inorganic particle filled polyurethane composites. The hardness, compressive strength and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) are used as testing methods. Silica fume, carbon black and pumice were selected from 10 inorganic fillers. Due to the incompatibility between inorganic filler and organic matrix, Silica fume and carbon black were modified with silane coupling agent (KH-550). The modification effect of inorganic filler was evaluated by using FT-IRN, SEM, TEM (TEM) and TG. Before and after adding to the polyurethane matrix, In order to reduce the cost and further improve the performance, the method of orthogonal design was used to find the pumice. The best proportion of modified silica fume and modified carbon black added to polyurethane matrix at the same time. Finally, four kinds of defoamers such as TBP XP3018 type defoamer and DF176 type defoamer were added to polyurethane / various inorganic fillers. In this paper, it is concluded that the addition of inorganic filler can improve the hardness, compressive strength and thermal stability of polyurethane. The properties of composites of carbon black and pumice are better. 2) the dispersion of silica fume modified by KH-550 can be improved in polyurethane. When the content of modified silica fume is 40, When the content of modified carbon black is 3, the properties of the composite is the best. When the modified silica powder is modified, the ratio of modified carbon black to pumice is 30: 1: 3. The properties of polyurethane / inorganic filler composites are the best. The density of the structure is increased when the fillers with different particle sizes are added to the composites according to a certain proportion. It is difficult to immerse in saline-alkali medium. At the same time, the filler can improve the properties of the material by preventing crack growth or changing the direction of crack propagation, and a more dense network of inorganic fillers, The heat resistance is also improved by adding DF-8868 type defoamer. Because of its low surface tension and easy to be adsorbed by liquid membrane, the film becomes thinner and the bubble breaks. The packing can be packed tightly and further improve its mechanical properties and heat resistance. If the bubble is reduced, the hole defects formed by the bubble rupture will be reduced, and the saline-alkali medium will not easily enter the base body, resulting in softening and swelling destruction, so the weathering resistance will be improved.
【学位授予单位】：石家庄铁道大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TB332

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