光功能纳米复合材料的制备及应用

发布时间：2018-04-09 01:26

本文选题：光热治疗　切入点：发光二极管　出处：《吉林大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：近几十年来，复合材料的制备与表征得到了化学、物理以及材料科学家们的极大关注，他们对研发具有独特物理性质的新材料等方面尤为感兴趣。今天，与功能复合材料制备相关的化学研究已经取得了大量令人瞩目的科研成就。尤其是在物理和化学两门学科的交叉研究中起到了极为重要的衔接作用的纳米技术，已被广泛应用于医药、能源、生物等各个学科之中，尤其是纳米复合材料的构筑技术方面，取得许多先进的科研成果。例如在光热治疗方面(photothermal therapy，，PTT)，研究者们通过将物理与化学手段相结合，研发出了光热治疗法。该方法借助某些纳米粒子所具有的近红外光热转换性质，将纳米粒子注入肿瘤细胞之中，通过近红外激光照射，以高温杀死肿瘤细胞。目前这种方法已在动物试验中取得了成功，由此延伸出来的关于具有光热转换性质的纳米粒子的探索研究也在不断进行和完善中。以纳米粒子制备新型节能器件也是材料化学中一个重要的组成部分，其中以荧光纳米粒子制备发光二极管(light-emitting diode，LED)是最近新兴的一个领域，LED具有亮度高、耗能低、寿命长等优点，具有替代传统光源的优势，因此制备出高效、稳定、适用于LED器件的荧光纳米材料，是极其必要的。本论文从制备光热纳米结构和荧光纳米结构两方面出发，探索纳米复合结构的构筑机理，由此开发出新型纳米复合材料，使之可被实际应用于光热治疗和LED器件当中。第二章中，我们在常温条件下合成了具有光热性质的水相CuS纳米复合结构，通过对不同时间内CuS形貌的监控，对这种复合结构的形成机理进行了深刻的阐述，证明了这种CuS具有阶梯式组装方式，而其产生的原因是小的颗粒间的弱相互作用，这种弱相互作用包括偶极引力、静电斥力以及范德华力；随后我们又对这种CuS复合结构在不同阶段、不同条件下的产物的光热性质进行了深入研究，证明了其光热性质与复合材料的结构息息相关，即有序的高度组装复合结构具有最好的光热性能。第三章中，我们制备了基于水相CdTe量子点的组装材料，并将它们应用于LED颜色转换层中，进而制备出高亮度的白光LED光源。首先，我们利用室温肼促进生长的方法制备水相CdTe量子点，该方法简单快捷，并利用各种表征方法对其测试。随后，我们成功将CdTe量子点与CaCO3无机盐进行复合得到了一种新的具有强荧光的复合材料，复合提高了CdTe量子点的稳定性，避免了能量转移的发生，克服了以往合成量子点与聚合物复合材料中量子效率被破坏的问题。并进一步用这种复合材料制备出高色纯度的LED光源以及白光LED光源。第四章中，我们首先制备出了具有黄绿荧光的亲水性聚合物点，为了防止其在白光LED应用中由于聚集导致难以分散在交联剂中，并且产生荧光猝灭，我们利用有机溶剂的双溶剂法，将聚合物点与惰性介质——超细SiO2进行复合，将SiO2包覆在聚合物点团聚体的表面，并由此深入研究了双溶剂法对这种复合结构的构筑机理，又通过对聚合物点与SiO2的不同比例进行对照，最后得出了能够使得复合结构荧光最佳的反应条件；随后我们将制备的复合结构成功应用在了白光LED的制备当中，所得的白光LED发光器件其光色基本达到了纯粹白光的要求，这为低毒性、低投入的碳材料的实际应用增加了新的可能。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the preparation and characterization of composite materials has been of great concern and physical chemistry, material scientists, they have unique physical properties for the research and development of new materials and other aspects are particularly interested in. Today, with the function of chemical preparation related composite materials has made a lot of achievements in scientific research. Especially remarkable interdisciplinary research in physics and chemistry of two disciplines plays an important role of nanotechnology, has been widely used in medicine, energy, biology etc. among various disciplines, especially the technology of constructing nano composite material, has many advanced scientific research. For example in the aspects of photothermal therapy (photothermal therapy, PTT), the researchers by physical and chemical methods combined, developed photothermal therapy. The method using near infrared photothermal nanoparticles has certain conversion properties The injection of tumor cells, nanoparticles, by near infrared laser irradiation, high temperature to kill tumor cells. This method has achieved success in the animal experiment, study on photothermal conversion properties of the nanoparticles has extended from which is also ongoing and perfected. The preparation is an important part of new energy saving device is the material chemistry in nanoparticles, the fluorescent nanoparticles prepared light-emitting diode (light-emitting diode LED) is an emerging field recently, LED has high brightness, low energy consumption, long life and other advantages, has replaced the traditional light source, and the preparation of efficient, stable, fluorescent nano materials suitable for use in LED the device, is very necessary. This paper from the preparation of nano structure and nano structure of fluorescent light two aspects, to explore and build the mechanism of nano composite structure, which opened The new nano composite material can be applied to photothermal therapy and LED devices.
In the second chapter, we synthesized aqueous CuS nano composite structure with thermal properties under normal temperature conditions, by monitoring the morphology of CuS in different time. The formation mechanism of the composite structure is elaborated and proved that the CuS has a ladder type assembling mode, and its reason is the weak interaction of small between the particles, the weak interaction including dipole attraction, electrostatic repulsion and Fan Dehua force; then we went on the CuS composite structure in different stages, thermal properties of products under different conditions are studied and proved its structure is closely related to thermal properties and composite materials, which is highly ordered structure with composite assembly the best thermal performance.
In the third chapter, we prepared the assembled materials based on aqueous CdTe quantum dots, and applying them to the LED color conversion layer, and then prepared high brightness white LED light source. First of all, we use room temperature hydrazine promote the growth of the preparation methods of aqueous CdTe quantum dots, the method is simple and efficient, and the use of various characterization methods on the test. Then, we successfully CdTe quantum dots and CaCO3 inorganic salt composite has been a strong fluorescence of new composite materials, composite to improve the stability of CdTe quantum dots, avoid the occurrence of energy transfer, overcome the previous synthesis of quantum dots and quantum efficiency of the polymer composite material was destruction of the problem. Furthermore, the composite material of high color purity of LED light source, white LED light source.
In the fourth chapter, we first prepared a hydrophilic polymer with yellow green fluorescence, in order to prevent the white LED applications due to the aggregation makes it difficult to disperse in the crosslinking agent, and fluorescence quenching, we use double solvent method of organic solvent, the polymer with inert medium ultrafine SiO2 composite will the surface of SiO2 coating in polymer aggregates, and then studied on the construction mechanism of the composite structure of the double solvent method were compared by different ratio of polymer and SiO2, finally makes the composite structure optimum reaction conditions of fluorescence; then we were successfully applied in the preparation of composite structure in white light. The preparation of LED, the white LED light emitting device the light has basically reached the requirements of the pure white light, low toxicity, the application of low input of carbon materials A new possibility.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.1;TB33

【共引文献】