形貌可控硅基核壳材料的制备及性能
发布时间:2018-04-09 07:36
本文选题:核壳结构 切入点:微纳材料 出处:《大连理工大学》2015年硕士论文
【摘要】:核壳结构微纳材料具有很多优于单组份材料和传统复合材料的性质,在多相催化等领域有广泛的应用,其结构设计、制备和性能优化是当今材料科学和化学工程领域的研究热点。目前,核壳结构微纳材料的结构和尺寸可以得到很好地控制,但有关其形貌控制的研究相对较少,且存在难以连续化制备的问题。鉴于此,本文以实现材料的连续化和形貌可控制备为研究目标,采用气溶胶喷雾干燥法、硬模板法和水热法制备了一系列核壳结构微纳材料,并研究了它们的催化和电化学性能,为进一步研究核壳材料可控制备方法、拓展其应用领域打下了基础。主要内容如下。使用气溶胶喷雾干燥法一步合成了Au@TiO2/SiO2核壳材料,实现了核壳结构材料的连续化简单制备,并将其应用于对硝基苯酚(4-NP)催化还原反应。材料呈球形,表面具有纤维状TiO2,纳米金颗粒被包裹在TiO2/SiO2空心微球骨架之中;当反应温度为20℃, NaBH4与4-NP的物质的量之比为500:1,催化剂用量为0.15mg/mL时,材料催化4-NP反应转化率可达95%;材料催化性能不随使用次数增加而降低,重复使用八次4-NP转化率均在90%以上。为进一步控制材料的形貌和结构,并使材料在液相反应中有更好的分离回收性能,在上述球形催化材料的基础上,使用硬模板法制备了立方体、椭球和花生形貌的超顺磁性氧化铁@SiO2-Au@C核壳材料,优化了材料的煅烧温度和Au担载量,并将其应用于4-NP催化还原反应。材料形貌特征明显,粒径均匀,具有清晰完整的核壳结构,高度单分散、粒径约为6nm的金颗粒均匀分布在Si02层和炭层之间,其超顺磁性来自于煅烧过程中α-Fe2O3原位转化为由α-Fe2O3和Fe304组成的磁性氧化铁;当反应温度为20℃,NaBH4与4-NP的物质的量之比为500:1,催化剂用量为0.15mg/mL时,材料催化4-NP反应转化率可达90%以上;材料可利用外加磁场回收,重复使用7次催化活性没有明显降低,且700℃煅烧后仍然保持良好的磁性和催化活性。为了拓展形貌可控硬模板法的应用,以不同形貌Si02空壳为基础,使用水热法制备了立方体、椭球和花生形貌的双层空心NiS电极材料,并测试了材料的本征电化学性能。材料具有均匀的粒径和明显的双层空心结构,同时存在硅酸镍物相和硫化镍物相;材料具有明显的赝电容特性,有很好的可逆性,在低扫描速率(10mV/s)下,氧化、还原峰的峰电势分别为0.27和0.15V左右,椭球形貌的电极材料在电流密度为1A/g时具有最高的比电容,达206F/g。
[Abstract]:Core-shell structure micronanomaterials have many advantages over single component materials and traditional composite materials. They are widely used in many fields such as heterogeneous catalysis.Preparation and performance optimization are hot topics in the field of material science and chemical engineering.At present, the structure and size of core-shell micro-nano materials can be well controlled, but the research on morphology control is relatively few, and it is difficult to be prepared continuously.In view of this, a series of core-shell microstructures were prepared by aerosol spray drying method, hard template method and hydrothermal method.Their catalytic and electrochemical properties were studied, which laid a foundation for the further study of controllable preparation methods of core-shell materials and the expansion of their application fields.The main contents are as follows.The Au@TiO2/SiO2 core-shell materials were synthesized by aerosol spray drying method. The continuous preparation of core-shell materials was realized, and it was applied to the catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol.The material was spherical with fibrous TIO _ 2 on the surface, and the gold nanoparticles were encapsulated in the framework of TiO2/SiO2 hollow microspheres. When the reaction temperature was 20 鈩,
本文编号:1725463
本文链接:https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/cailiaohuaxuelunwen/1725463.html
最近更新
教材专著