地聚物基植物纤维复合材料的合成、表征及其力学性能研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 22:32

本文选题：地聚物 + 定量分析　；参考：《广西师范学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：植物纤维板应用前景非常广泛,但大多基体材料为有机物,由于其耐火性能较差、对环境释放有害物质,应用受到很大限制。水泥基植物纤维复合板可以克服有机粘结剂基植物纤维板的缺点,且已得到一定程度的应用,但所用纤维大多采用打浆后的木浆纤维,其生产工艺比较复杂。地聚物是一种低CO2排放、低能耗及对环境友好的无机胶凝材料,替代水泥制备则能克服制备水泥基植物纤维板过程的缺点。因此,地聚物基植物纤维板的制备与性能研究具有重要意义。由于植物中纤维素含量及纤维结构和地聚物基体结构对复合材料的力学性能有很大影响,采用分析手段对其进行表征,进而发现性能与结构的关系非常具有现实意义。植物中的纤维素含量可利用硝酸-乙醇法和FTIR定量分析法两种方法测量得到,通过比较可以得出FTIR定量分析的方法是切实可行的,不仅能够保证测量的准确度,操作起来还快速简单无污染。所以,可利用FTIR定量分析法快速确定植物中的纤维素含量,结合植物中半纤维素的含量来筛选添加植物的种类,具有实际应用价值。本文利用稻壳或稻草纤维与偏高岭土为原料,采用碱激发方式在常温下制备植物纤维—偏高岭土基地聚物复合材料。系统地研究了水玻璃模数、水胶比、碱处理、植物纤维尺寸等对地聚物基植物纤维复合材料性能的影响。研究表明:当水玻璃模数为1.5,水胶比为0.55,稻壳纤维含量为18%,稻壳尺寸为40-60目时,制备的地聚物基稻壳纤维复合材料的性能较优;比较稻壳碱处理前后合成的材料的静曲强度值,稻壳经1%的NaOH浸泡24 h,制备的地聚物材料的性能最优。对于地聚物基稻草纤维复合材料性能的研究表明:当水玻璃模数为1.5,水胶比为0.5,稻草纤维含量为10%,制备的地聚物材料的性能最优;当用碱液处理稻草时,使复合材料性能最佳的NaOH浓度是质量分数4%,最佳浸泡时间是24小时。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)、X射线衍射法(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)三种分析手段对地聚物基稻草纤维复合材料的结构进行了研究。FTIR分析表明:当水玻璃模数为1.5、水胶比为0.5、稻草含量10%时,地聚物中聚合反应效果较好,得到的材料的力学性能最佳。XRD与SEM的分析结果都与FTIR的分析结果一致。另外,对于碱处理的稻草及其制备的地聚物材料,利用FTIR分析其结构,得出结论:质量分数4%的NaOH浸泡24 h得到的稻草中的半纤维素溶解的较彻底,纤维素受损程度也最小,制备的地聚物材料的性能也最优。
[Abstract]:The application prospect of plant fiberboard is very extensive, but most of the matrix material is organic. Because of its poor fire resistance, the application of harmful substances to the environment is very limited. The cement based plant fiber composite board can overcome the shortcomings of the organic binder based plant fiber board, and has been applied to a certain extent, but most of the fibers used are used. The production process of the pulp fiber after beating is complex. The geopolymer is a kind of low CO2 emission, low energy consumption and environmentally friendly inorganic cementitious material. Instead of cement preparation, it can overcome the shortcomings of the preparation of cement based plant fiberboard. Therefore, the preparation and Performance Research of the polymer based plant fiber board are of great significance. The content of cellulose, the structure of fiber and the structure of the polymer have great influence on the mechanical properties of the composites. The relationship between the properties and the structure is very practical. The content of cellulose in plants can be measured by two methods: nitric acid ethyl alcohol method and FTIR quantitative analysis method. By comparison, it can be concluded that the method of FTIR quantitative analysis is feasible, not only can ensure the accuracy of the measurement, but also can be operated quickly and simple without pollution. Therefore, the FTIR quantitative analysis method can be used to quickly determine the cellulose content in plants and to screen the species of plants with the content of hemicin in plants. In this paper, we use rice husk or straw fiber and metakaolin as raw materials to prepare polymer composite material of plant fiber - metakaolin base at normal temperature by alkali excitation. The effects of the modulus of water glass, water to glue ratio, alkali treatment and plant fiber size on the properties of the polymer based plant fiber composites are studied. The results show that when the modulus of water glass is 1.5, the ratio of water to glue is 0.55, the content of rice husk fiber is 18%, and the size of rice husk is 40-60 mesh, the properties of the composite material of the geopolymer based rice husk fiber are better. The performance of the prepared Geopolymer Material is best compared with that of the rice husk after the alkali treatment, and the rice husk is soaked in 24 h by 1% NaOH. The study on the properties of the polymer based straw fiber composite material showed that when the modulus of water glass was 1.5, the ratio of water to glue was 0.5, the content of straw fiber was 10%, the performance of the prepared geopolymer material was the best. When the alkali solution was used to treat the straw, the NaOH concentration was 4% and the best soaking time was 24 hours. The use of Fu Liye. Transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the structure of the polymer based rice straw fiber composite material based on the.FTIR analysis. The results of.FTIR analysis showed that when the modulus of water glass was 1.5, the ratio of water to glue was 0.5 and the content of straw was 10%, the effect of polymerization was better and the mechanical properties of the material were the best. The analysis results of.XRD and SEM are in accordance with the results of FTIR analysis. In addition, for alkali treated rice straw and its prepared Geopolymer Material, using FTIR to analyze its structure, it is concluded that the hemicellulose dissolved in the rice straw obtained by the mass fraction of NaOH soaked in 24 h is more thorough and the degree of fibrinolytic damage is minimal, and the prepared Geopolymer Material The performance is also optimal.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB332

【参考文献】