纤维增强木塑复合材料研究进展

发布时间：2018-04-28 04:36

本文选题：木塑复合材料 + 纤维　；参考：《林业科学》2016年06期

【摘要】：木塑复合材料属于生物质复合材料的范畴,是一种无毒、可循环利用的环境友好型材料,从20世纪末开始到现在经历了20多年的高速产业化发展。但木塑复合材料力学性能偏低,特别是韧性差,导致应用领域偏窄,是目前制约木塑复合材料发展的主要因素之一。众多研究表明,将纤维添加到木塑复合材料中形成多元结构复合材料,可提高木塑复合材料的力学性能。本文概述了纤维增强木塑复合材料的研究现状,按天然纤维素纤维、合成纤维、非金属纤维、金属纤维4大类归纳了常用作增强复合材料的纤维,综述了采用玻璃纤维、矿物质纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维和天然纤维素纤维等增强木塑复合材料的制备方法和增强效果。结果表明,不同种类的纤维对木塑复合材料均有不同程度的增强或增韧作用。短切纤维在添加量上存在"临界值",在"临界值"之前,添加量与增强效果呈正相关,在"临界值"之后呈负相关。连续玻璃纤维的增强效果尤为明显,其中冲击强度可增加20倍。天然纤维素纤维在木塑复合材料中的应用虽然较少,但目前在欧洲已被用于高附加值的汽车零部件领域。本文还介绍了银纹剪切带机制、刚性粒子增强理论、多缝开裂理论和复合力学理论等用于解释纤维增强复合材料的作用机制,这些理论均被用于解释纤维对于木塑复合材料基体的作用效果,其中后2种理论最常用于解释纤维对于复合材料强度提高的作用机制。本文同时指出,目前尚没有哪一种理论能全面揭示由于纤维加入后结构趋于复杂的木塑复合材料的力学行为。总结了纤维的添加对材料力学性能、吸湿性和热性能的影响,发现纤维的添加不仅可以提高木塑复合材料的力学强度,对于降低吸湿性和提高热稳定性也有积极效果,一些纤维的添加还可以提高基体的结晶度。本文最后提出纤维增强木塑复合材料产业化发展前景和需要解决的问题,包括进一步提高生产效率,研制纤维增强木塑复合材料专用装备,开发连续纤维增强木塑复合材料技术和开拓高性能、高附加值木塑复合材料市场。
[Abstract]:Wood-plastic composites belong to the category of biomass composites, which are non-toxic and recyclable environment-friendly materials. From the end of the 20th century to now, wood-plastic composites have experienced high-speed industrialization development for more than 20 years. However, the mechanical properties of wood-plastic composites are on the low side, especially the toughness is poor, which leads to narrow application field, which is one of the main factors restricting the development of wood-plastic composites. Many studies have shown that the mechanical properties of wood-plastic composites can be improved by adding fibers to wood-plastic composites to form multi-structural composites. In this paper, the research status of fiber reinforced wood-plastic composites is summarized. According to the four categories of natural cellulose fiber, synthetic fiber, non-metallic fiber and metal fiber, the fibers commonly used in reinforced composites are summarized, and the use of glass fiber is summarized. The preparation method and reinforcing effect of wood and plastic composites reinforced with mineral fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, polyethylene terephthalate fiber and natural cellulose fiber. The results show that different fibers have different reinforcing or toughening effects on wood-plastic composites. There is a "critical value" in the addition of chopped fibers. Before the "critical value", the addition amount is positively correlated with the enhancement effect, and negative correlation occurs after the "critical value". The reinforcement effect of continuous glass fiber is especially obvious, and the impact strength can be increased by 20 times. Although the application of natural cellulose fiber in wood-plastic composites is few, it has been used in the field of automotive parts with high added value in Europe. In this paper, the mechanism of craze shear band, the theory of rigid particle reinforcement, the theory of multi-crack cracking and the theory of composite mechanics are also introduced to explain the mechanism of action of fiber reinforced composites. These theories have been used to explain the effect of fiber on the matrix of wood-plastic composites, and the latter two theories are most commonly used to explain the mechanism of the effect of fiber on the strength of composites. At the same time, it is pointed out that there is no theory that can fully reveal the mechanical behavior of wood-plastic composites with complex structure after fiber addition. The effects of fiber addition on mechanical properties, hygroscopicity and thermal properties of materials were summarized. It was found that fiber addition could not only improve the mechanical strength of wood-plastic composites, but also reduce moisture absorption and improve thermal stability. The addition of some fibers can also improve the crystallinity of the matrix. In the end, the development prospect of fiber reinforced wood plastic composites and the problems to be solved are put forward, including further improvement of production efficiency and development of special equipment for fiber reinforced wood plastic composites. Develop continuous fiber reinforced wood-plastic composite technology and develop high-performance, high-added wood-plastic composite market.
【作者单位】：东北林业大学生物质材料科学与技术教育部重点实验室;
【基金】：林业公益性行业科研专项(201204802) 国家自然科学基金项目(31270608)
【分类号】：TB332

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