改性NBR-PVC的制备及其作为隔声芯层的研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 07:53

本文选题：NBR-PVC橡塑材料 + 钨粉　；参考：《浙江理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：安静舒适的环境是人类生存的基本需求,但随着现代工业的飞速发展,噪声污染越来越严重。传统的隔声器件多为无机或金属材料,这些材料通常很笨重,限制了其使用范围。高分子材料具有质轻和加工性好等优点,近年来在降噪领域备受关注。由于纯高分子材料的隔声效果通常很难满足实际应用需求,因此研究轻便且具有高隔声性能的高分子材料成为降噪领域的研究热点。无机填料由于具有小尺寸效应以及较大的阻抗差异,常用作高分子材料的改性填料。高分子材料与无机填料复合,可以近一步提高其隔声效果。本课题以橡塑复合材料为基体,通过添加钨粉(W)和氧化石墨烯(GO),研究这两种无机填料对橡塑复合材料隔声性能的影响;并将改性橡塑复合材料与石膏板进行层合,研究芯层对复合石膏板隔声性能的影响,以期筛选出轻质、隔声性能好的复合石膏板,为制备轻质高隔声性能的材料提供参考。首先,以丁腈橡胶(NBR)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)为主要原料,制备不同橡塑比的NBR-PVC橡塑复合材料。利用阻抗管对各试样的隔声性能进行测试与分析,结果表明:当橡塑比为70:30时,NBR-PVC具有较好的隔声性能。其次,以橡塑比为70:30的NBR-PVC为基体,分别选用钨粉(W)和氧化石墨烯(GO)为改性填料,制备无机填料改性实心复合材料,研究W和GO对NBR-PVC隔声性能的影响。结果表明:与W改性相比,GO改性对NBR-PVC实心复合材料隔声性能的提高效果更优,添加GO能制备出轻质高隔声性能的复合材料。再次,通过对上述无机改性复合材料进行模压发泡处理,并对其隔声性能进行研究发现,W对NBR-PVC微发泡材料隔声性能的提高效果优于GO改性的材料;添加W的含量为30 wt%的微发泡材料复合材料,与没有无机填料改性的NBR-PVC微发泡材料相比,隔声指数提高量达7.2 dB。最后,将各种橡塑复合材料与石膏板层合,研究不同芯层时复合石膏板的隔声性能,结果表明:微发泡材料为芯层时复合石膏板的隔声效果较实心材料为芯层好;并且当W/NBR-PVC微发泡材料为芯层时复合石膏板的隔声性能较好。
[Abstract]:Quiet and comfortable environment is the basic requirement of human existence, but with the rapid development of modern industry, noise pollution is becoming more and more serious. Traditional acoustic insulation devices are inorganic or metallic materials, which are usually heavy, limiting their use. Polymer materials with the advantages of light weight and good processability have attracted much attention in the field of noise reduction in recent years. Because the sound insulation effect of pure polymer materials is usually difficult to meet the practical application needs, the research on lightweight and high sound insulation polymer materials has become a research hotspot in the field of noise reduction. Inorganic fillers are often used as modified fillers for their small size effects and large impedance differences. The composite of polymer material and inorganic filler can further improve the sound insulation effect. In this paper, the effects of the two inorganic fillers on the sound insulation properties of the rubber / plastic composites were studied by adding tungsten powder (W) and graphene oxide to the matrix, and the modified rubber / plastic composites were laminated with plasterboard. The effect of core layer on sound insulation of composite gypsum board was studied in order to screen out light and good sound insulation composite plasterboard and provide reference for the preparation of light weight and high sound insulation material. Firstly, NBR-PVC rubber composites with different rubber / plastic ratios were prepared by using NBR and PVC as the main raw materials. The sound insulation properties of each sample were measured and analyzed by impedance tube. The results show that NBR-PVC has better sound insulation when the ratio of rubber to plastic is 70:30. Secondly, the solid composites modified by inorganic fillers were prepared by using NBR-PVC with a rubber / plastic ratio of 70:30 and tungsten powder (W) and graphene oxide (GOO) as modified fillers, respectively. The effects of W and go on the sound insulation properties of NBR-PVC were studied. The results showed that the sound insulation properties of NBR-PVC solid composites were improved better than that of W modification, and the composite with light weight and high sound insulation could be prepared by adding go. Thirdly, through the moulding and foaming treatment of the inorganic modified composite, and the study of its sound insulation performance, it is found that the improvement of sound insulation of NBR-PVC microfoamed material is better than that of go modified material. Compared with the NBR-PVC microfoamed material without inorganic filler, the sound insulation index of the microfoamed material with 30 wt% W content increased by 7.2 dB. Finally, all kinds of rubber and plastic composites were laminated with gypsum board to study the sound insulation performance of the composite plasterboard with different core layers. The results showed that the sound insulation effect of the composite plasterboard was better than that of solid material when the microfoamed material was the core layer. And when the W/NBR-PVC microfoamed material is the core layer, the sound insulation property of the composite gypsum board is better.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB332

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