两相溶剂热法制备镁基、铝基纳米材料及其处理染料废水性能研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 23:25

本文选题：纳米材料 + Mg(OH)2　；参考：《新疆大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：镁基、铝基纳米材料是一种非常重要的纳米材料,在陶瓷、油漆、催化、水处理领域都有很广泛的应用。与其它纳米材料相比,镁基、铝基纳米材料的优点在于:来源广泛、原料成本低,对环境无污染,应用广泛,可以组成多种不同用途的功能纳米材料,制备方法较多,这使得镁基、铝基纳米材料在实际应用中具有非常大的优势。近年来,人们已经采用不同的合成方法合成出不同形貌和尺寸的镁基、铝基纳米材料,并研究了其在各个领域的应用。前人的研究表明,有效地控制纳米材料的形貌、尺寸、组成和比表面积等可以提高纳米材料的性能。因此,开发一个不同的合成方法,设计并制备出尺寸、形貌、组成可控的镁基、铝基纳米材料,改善和提高其性能从而增加其应用前景,是非常有必要的。本文,首先通过两相溶剂热法制备出了单分散的Mg(OH)2纳米片和层纹状的MgO纳米结构,并考察了其对刚果红的吸附性能。其次,通过两相溶剂热法制备出了不同形貌的AlOOH纳米材料,并通过焙烧法得到了形貌保持的Al2O3纳米材料,然后考察了对刚果红的吸附性能。再次,我们通过两相溶剂热法制备出了片状的Mg/Al-LDH纳米材料,同时又通过两种方法在Mg/AlLDH纳米片上负载了一定量的TiO2,并考察了其光催化性能。首先,以硝酸镁、油酸钠、氢氧化钠为原料通过两相溶剂热制备出了单分散的Mg(OH)2纳米片,并利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物的结构和形貌进行了分析。产物的XRD和TEM结果表明,产物是正交晶系的Mg(OH)2,尺寸大约在50 nm。同时考察了Mg(OH)2纳米片对刚果红(CR)的吸附性能。所得到的Mg(OH)2纳米片对CR具有超强的吸附性能,在CR的浓度为1000 mg L-1,其最大吸附容量可以达到1820 mg g-1。又通过焙烧附着有CR的Mg(OH)2纳米片,得到了层纹状的MgO纳米结构。通过实验,我们进一步发现层纹状的MgO纳米结构展现了对CR更好的吸附能力,在CR的浓度为1600 mg L-1,其最大吸附容量可以达到2650 mg g-1。此外,我们合成的MgO展现了很强的吸附再生能力,循环吸附五次之后其吸附能力基本没有变化。其次,我们在不同的反应温度下经两相溶剂热法合成了不同形貌的AlOOH纳米材料,又经过焙烧法制备出了形貌保持的Al2O3纳米材料,并研究了产物对刚果红的吸附性能。所合成的系列产物利用XRD、TEM、比表面积测试等手段进行了表征。结果表明我们合成了碎片状、棒状、片状和多层堆积的AlOOH纳米结构。同时,我们也探讨了不同形貌AlOOH纳米材料的形成过程,并提出了可能的形成机理。通过对刚果红的吸附实验,棒状的Al OOH纳米材料对刚果红的吸附能力最强,其最大的吸附容量可以达到416.7 mg g-1。通过系统的刚果红的吸附实验表明,Al2O3纳米棒对CR的吸附符合准二级吸附速率方程和Langmuir吸附模型。最后,通过两相溶剂法制备出了不同形貌的Mg/Al-LDH纳米材料,然后又通过水热法和涂层法制备出了TiO2/Mg/Al-LDO纳米材料。并通过XRD、TEM、SEM等手段对产物进行了物相和形貌表征。同时,考察了合成过程中反应温度、反应时间、反应pH值、Mg/Al比例等因素对产物形貌和结构的影响。然后我们又考察了TiO2/Mg/Al-LDO纳米材料对模拟染料亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化性能。实验结果表明所合成的TiO2/Mg/Al-LDO复合材料在紫外灯的照射下对于降解模拟染料亚甲基蓝具有了较为优异的光催化性能。
[Abstract]:Magnesium based, aluminum based nanomaterials are very important nanomaterials. They are widely used in the fields of ceramics, paint, catalysis and water treatment. Compared with other nanomaterials, magnesium based and aluminum based nanomaterials have the advantages of wide sources, low cost of raw materials, no pollution to the environment, wide application, and a variety of functions that can be made up of different uses. Rice materials and preparation methods have made magnesium based, aluminum based nanomaterials very advantageous in practical applications. In recent years, different synthetic methods have been used to synthesize different morphologies and sizes of magnesium based, aluminum based nanomaterials, and their applications in the various domains have been studied. Previous studies have shown that the effective control of nanometers. The morphology, size, composition and specific surface area of the material can improve the properties of nanomaterials. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a different synthetic method, design and prepare the size, morphology, composition of controllable magnesium base, aluminum based nanomaterial, improve and improve its properties and increase its application prospects. The monodisperse Mg (OH) 2 nanoscale and laminar MgO nanostructures were prepared by the method of heat flux, and the adsorption properties for Congo red were investigated. Secondly, the AlOOH nanomaterials with different morphologies were prepared by the two phase solvothermal method, and the Al2O3 nanomaterials maintained by the roasting method were obtained. Then the adsorption of Congo red was investigated. Again, we have prepared a sheet like Mg/Al-LDH nanomaterial by two phase solvothermal method. At the same time, a certain amount of TiO2 was loaded on Mg/AlLDH nanoscale by two methods, and its photocatalytic performance was investigated. First, the monodisperse Mg (OH) 2 Nana was prepared by the two phase solvent heat of magnesium nitrate, sodium oleate and sodium hydroxide. The structure and morphology of the products were analyzed by X ray powder diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results of XRD and TEM showed that the products were Mg (OH) 2 of the orthogonal crystal system, and the adsorption properties of Mg (OH) 2 nanometers to the red (CR) were investigated at the same time in the size of 50 nm.. The super adsorption capacity is 1000 mg L-1 at the concentration of CR, the maximum adsorption capacity can reach 1820 mg g-1. and Mg (OH) 2 nanoscale by roasting and attaching CR. The layer like MgO nanostructure is obtained. Through the experiment, we further discover that the layer like MgO nanostructure shows a better adsorption capacity for CR, and the concentration of CR is 1600 G L-1, the maximum adsorption capacity can reach 2650 mg g-1., and our synthesized MgO exhibits strong adsorption and regeneration ability. After five cycles adsorption, the adsorption capacity is basically unchanged. Secondly, we synthesized different morphologies of AlOOH nanomaterials by two phase solvothermal method at different reaction temperatures and prepared by roasting method. The Al2O3 nanomaterials with retained morphology were produced and the adsorption properties of the products to Congo red were studied. The synthesized products were characterized by XRD, TEM, surface area test and other means. The results showed that we synthesized the AlOOH nanostructures of debris, rod, flake and multilayer accumulation. At the same time, we also explored the different morphology of AlOOH nanoscale. The formation process of rice material and possible formation mechanism are proposed. Through the adsorption experiment on Congo red, the adsorption capacity of Al OOH nanomaterials on Congo red is the strongest. The maximum adsorption capacity can reach 416.7 mg g-1. through the system of Congo red adsorption experiment shows that the adsorption of Al2O3 nanorods on CR is in accordance with the quasi two class adsorption. Rate equation and Langmuir adsorption model. Finally, Mg/Al-LDH nanomaterials with different morphologies were prepared by two phase solvent method. Then, TiO2/Mg/Al-LDO nanomaterials were prepared by hydrothermal method and coating method. The properties and morphology of the products were characterized by XRD, TEM, SEM and so on. At the same time, the reaction temperature in the synthesis process was investigated. The influence of degree, reaction time, reaction pH value, Mg/Al ratio on the morphology and structure of the product. Then we also examined the photocatalytic properties of the TiO2/Mg/Al-LDO nano materials for the simulated dye Ya Jiaji blue solution. The results showed that the synthesized TiO2/Mg/Al-LDO composite was irradiated by ultraviolet light for the degradation of simulated dye Ya Jiaji. Blue has excellent photocatalytic properties.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.1;X788;X791

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