离子液体对聚合物复合材料增容研究

发布时间：2018-06-26 23:47

  本文选题：离子液体 + 碳纳米管　； 参考：《北京化工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：离子液体(ionic liquids,简称ILs)是指一类全部由离子组成的液体具有不挥发、可设计性强、电化学窗口宽、导电性好等优点,在很多反应中可作为溶剂、催化剂以及界面增容剂,有其广泛的应用。本文分为两个体系。第一个体系使用咪唑类ILs对碳纳米管(CNTs)进行共价改性,而后与聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)进行共混制得复合材料,考察了ILs改性CNTs对聚合物性能的影响,以及ILs对于CNTs与PVDF相容性的研究。第二个体系使用咪唑类ILs改性微晶纤维素(MC)后与聚乳酸(PLA)共混制备复合材料,考察了ILs对PLA的增韧效果,以及纤维素晶与PLA的相容情况。在第一体系中,首先用两种方法合成了ILs改性CNTs:一种是直接采用1-氨丙基一3一甲基咪唑氯盐与CNTs-COOH进行缩合反应；另一种是先将咪唑环接枝在CNTs上,再使用季铵盐反应制得ILs改性CNTs。最终通过FTIR, TGA, Raman证明了反应的成功进行。其次,使用不同含量的ILs改性CNTs与PVDF共混,制备了系列复合材料。研究了改性CNTs在PVDF中的分散性及对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,加入了改性CNTs的复合材料介电常数与介电损耗都随CNTs添加量的增加而升高,介电常数最高能达到120。加入了CNTS-C及CNTS-E的复合材料PVDF的晶型也由α晶向β晶转变,材料的断裂伸长率随CNTs的加入而降低。加入改性CNTs的复合材料较纯PVDF熔点与结晶度均呈下降的趋势。通过扫描电镜也能证明ILs对于CNTs在PVDF中的分散有促进作用。在第二体系中,将不同量MC与一定量1-甲基-3-烯丙基咪唑氯盐混合进行研磨处理,充分研磨后,制得了PLA基复合材料。同时制备了纤维素与PLA, ILs与PLA两个二元体系作为对比。研究了ILs对于PLA的增塑效果以及对MC与PLA的增容作用。结果表明ILs的加入对PLA的增塑效果明显,而且能改善MC在PLA中的分散性。同时复合材料的熔点以及玻璃化转变温度(Tg)较纯PLA都降低了。
[Abstract]:Ionic liquid (ils) is a kind of liquid composed of ions, which has the advantages of nonvolatile, high designability, wide electrochemical window and good conductivity. It can be used as solvent, catalyst and interfacial compatibilizer in many reactions. It has a wide range of applications. This paper is divided into two systems. In the first system, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were covalently modified by imidazole ILs and then blended with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to prepare composites. The effects of ILs modified CNTs on polymer properties and the compatibility between CNTs and PVDF were investigated. In the second system, the composites were prepared by imidazole modified microcrystalline cellulose (MC) and polylactic acid (PLA). The toughening effect of ILs on PLA and the compatibility of cellulose crystals with PLA were investigated. In the first system, ILs modified CNTswere synthesized by two methods: one was the condensation reaction of 1-aminopropyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride salt with CNTs-COOH, the other was that imidazole ring was grafted onto CNTs. The modified CNTs were prepared by quaternary ammonium salt reaction. Finally, the successful reaction was proved by FTIR, TGA and Raman. Secondly, a series of composites were prepared by blending different contents of ILS modified CNTs with PVDF. The dispersion of modified CNTs in PVDF and its effect on the properties of composites were studied. The results show that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the composites with modified CNTs increase with the addition of CNTs, and the highest dielectric constant can reach 120. The crystalline form of PVDF with CNTS-C and CNTS-E was also changed from 伪 to 尾, and the elongation at break decreased with the addition of CNTs. The melting point and crystallinity of the composites with modified CNTs decreased compared with pure PVDF. It was also proved by SEM that ILS could promote the dispersion of CNTs in PVDF. In the second system, the PLA matrix composites were prepared by grinding different amounts of MC with a certain amount of 1-methyl-3-allyl imidazole chloride salt. Two binary systems, cellulose and PLA, ils and PLA, were prepared for comparison. The plasticizing effect of ILS on PLA and the compatibilization of MC and PLA were studied. The results show that the addition of ILs has obvious plasticizing effect on PLA and can improve the dispersion of MC in PLA. At the same time, the melting point and glass transition temperature (TG) of the composites are lower than that of pure PLA.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB33

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