一维碲纳米结构的设计、合成及性能研究
发布时间：2018-07-30 08:24
【摘要】：一维纳米材料(如：纳米线、纳米带、纳米棒和纳米管)因具有优异的光学、电学、磁学、热学以及其他物理化学等性质而受到科学界的广泛关注。碲纳米材料的可控制备一直是纳米材料研究领域的难题和瓶颈。其具有很高的反应活性,可通过简单的化学反应转化为其他纳米材料。如何设计简单合理的合成方法以制备出一系列不同的一维碲纳米结构,并且可以精确调控产物的组成成分、形貌和均一度,是有待解决的重要科学问题。本论文旨在对一维碲纳米结构的设计、合成和以一维碲纳米结构为模板合成其他纳米材料的设计、合成及性能进行探索研究。通过设计不同的合成方法制备了具有不同形貌的一维碲纳米材料,并以这些独特的纳米材料为模板,基于化学转换法合成了一系列其他新颖的纳米结构。同时研究了所制备一维碲纳米结构的生长机理,发展了一种简单、通用的控制纳米结构形貌的合成方法。进一步探究了以一维碲纳米结构为模板合成的碲化银纳米线和碳纳米管的电学性质及在能量存储方面的应用。取得的主要研究结果如下：1.发展了一种混合溶剂溶剂热法,合成了具有均一形貌、尺寸的碲一维纳米结构。通过溶剂组分和反应时间的调节,实现了其长度和粗细的有效控制。2.发展了化学转化法制备项链状碲化银纳米线的新技术。以碲纳米线为模板通过化学转化方法,与硝酸银反应生成碲化银纳米线,并通过反应温度的调节控制碲化米银纳米线表面的粗糙程度,最终形成项链状的碲化银纳米线。这种碲化银纳米线是一种相变材料,在120到145℃之间可以发生可逆相变,并引起电学性质的变化,因此这种材料可应用于记忆材料领域。3.以碲纳米线为模板通过水热碳化合成法合成了一种多功能弹性碳纳米管凝胶。经过高温退火处理得到包含微孔、介孔和三维网络结构的多层次复杂孔道结构,这种碳纳米管凝胶可应用于制备超级电容器的电极材料和锂离子电池的负极材料。4.将上述碳纳米管和碲纳米线相结合,制备了两种基于碲的正极材料,并研制了一种无粘结剂无集流体的锂-碲电池。碳纳米管不仅起到导电和缓冲电池体积变化的作用,更重要的是借助于其多层次孔道和三维网状结构对Te和充放电过程中产生的多碲化锂的强吸附作用,大大提高了电池的循环性能。这种多功能的碳纳米管凝胶可以在应用于催化、储氢、传感器和隔热等领域。
[Abstract]:One-dimensional nanomaterials (such as nanowires, nanorods and nanotubes) have attracted wide attention due to their excellent optical, electrical, magnetic, thermal and other physical and chemical properties. The controllable preparation of tellurium nanomaterials has been a difficult problem and bottleneck in the field of nanomaterials. It is highly reactive and can be converted into other nanomaterials through simple chemical reactions. How to design a simple and reasonable synthesis method to prepare a series of different one-dimensional tellurium nanostructures and to accurately control the composition, morphology and homogeneity of the products is an important scientific problem to be solved. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the design, synthesis and properties of one-dimensional tellurium nanostructures and other nanomaterials synthesized by using one-dimensional tellurium nanostructures as templates. One-dimensional tellurium nanomaterials with different morphologies were prepared by designing different synthesis methods. A series of other novel nanostructures were synthesized by chemical conversion method using these unique nanomaterials as templates. At the same time, the growth mechanism of one-dimensional tellurium nanostructures was studied, and a simple and universal synthesis method was developed to control the morphology of the nanostructures. The electrical properties of silver telluride nanowires and carbon nanotubes synthesized from one-dimensional tellurium nanostructures and their applications in energy storage were further investigated. The main findings are as follows: 1. A mixed solvothermal method was developed to synthesize one dimensional tellurium nanostructures with uniform morphology and size. By adjusting the solvent composition and reaction time, the effective control of its length and thickness. 2. A new technique for the preparation of necklace silver telluride nanowires by chemical transformation was developed. Silver telluride nanowires were formed by chemical conversion of tellurium nanowires with silver nitrate, and the roughness of silver telluride nanowires was controlled by adjusting the reaction temperature. Finally, the necklace-like silver telluride nanowires were formed. This kind of silver telluride nanowires is a kind of phase change material, which can undergo reversible phase transition between 120 鈩，
本文编号：2154410
[Abstract]:One-dimensional nanomaterials (such as nanowires, nanorods and nanotubes) have attracted wide attention due to their excellent optical, electrical, magnetic, thermal and other physical and chemical properties. The controllable preparation of tellurium nanomaterials has been a difficult problem and bottleneck in the field of nanomaterials. It is highly reactive and can be converted into other nanomaterials through simple chemical reactions. How to design a simple and reasonable synthesis method to prepare a series of different one-dimensional tellurium nanostructures and to accurately control the composition, morphology and homogeneity of the products is an important scientific problem to be solved. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the design, synthesis and properties of one-dimensional tellurium nanostructures and other nanomaterials synthesized by using one-dimensional tellurium nanostructures as templates. One-dimensional tellurium nanomaterials with different morphologies were prepared by designing different synthesis methods. A series of other novel nanostructures were synthesized by chemical conversion method using these unique nanomaterials as templates. At the same time, the growth mechanism of one-dimensional tellurium nanostructures was studied, and a simple and universal synthesis method was developed to control the morphology of the nanostructures. The electrical properties of silver telluride nanowires and carbon nanotubes synthesized from one-dimensional tellurium nanostructures and their applications in energy storage were further investigated. The main findings are as follows: 1. A mixed solvothermal method was developed to synthesize one dimensional tellurium nanostructures with uniform morphology and size. By adjusting the solvent composition and reaction time, the effective control of its length and thickness. 2. A new technique for the preparation of necklace silver telluride nanowires by chemical transformation was developed. Silver telluride nanowires were formed by chemical conversion of tellurium nanowires with silver nitrate, and the roughness of silver telluride nanowires was controlled by adjusting the reaction temperature. Finally, the necklace-like silver telluride nanowires were formed. This kind of silver telluride nanowires is a kind of phase change material, which can undergo reversible phase transition between 120 鈩，
本文编号：2154410
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