含氟功能复合材料的制备、性能及其在含能材料中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-08-31 10:54

【摘要】：含氟复合材料中由于含有电负性最强且电子亲和势较大的氟原子,使其具有憎水憎油、耐化学品腐蚀、较低的表面能及向空气-本体表面迁移富集的性能。利用低表面能的含氟复合粒子表面富集功能对发射药表面进行多功能改性,可在提高发射药表面防盐湿耐高温性能的同时,调控发射药燃烧性能。本文为了探索含氟复合粒子在发射药中的应用,首先利用乳液聚合的方法成功制备了不同类型的TiO2／含氟均聚物纳米复合粒子,利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电镜(TEM)、粒度分布仪、热重分析仪(TG)和表面能分析仪(SEA)等方法分别对所得的纳米复合粒子进行了表面结构的测定、微观形貌的分析、热稳定性和表面自由能的研究；其次设计并制备了含有不同组分的改性发射药,通过密闭爆发器实验研究了功能助剂含量、发射药基体成分、功能助剂氟含量、功能助剂粒径及药型对改性发射药燃烧性能的影响；最后利用X-射线能量色谱分析仪(EDS),初步研究了浓度、基体、氟含量及粒径等参数对发射药中含氟复合粒子迁移扩散的影响。结果表明,成功制备了较低表面能的含氟均聚物/Ti02纳米复合粒子,纳米复合粒子呈现规则的核壳结构。含氟功能助剂的添加和改性发射药的成型与现有发射药挤压成型工艺相容。与十二氟功能助剂相比,三氟功能助剂能降低发射药的燃速、提高发射药的燃烧渐增性。与单基发射药相比,十二氟功能助剂对提高双基发射药燃速有更明显的效果。三氟功能助剂对切口杆状发射药燃速的抑制作用比粒状药更明显,对提高切口药的渐增性有更明显的效果。双基药中因加入了含能增塑剂等成分削弱了硝化纤维素大分子间相互作用,有利于含氟复合粒子在基体中的迁移和表面富集。三氟复合粒子较十二氟复合粒子在基体中更易迁移,含氟复合粒子的粒径越小越易迁移,但与上述氟含量及基体对表层浓度的影响相比,粒径对表层浓度的影响较小,反应在发射药燃烧性能上的差异也不大。
[Abstract]:The fluorine-containing composites have hydrophobic and oil-repellent chemical corrosion resistance low surface energy and the properties of migration and enrichment to the air-bulk surface due to the strong electronegativity and high electron affinity of fluorine atoms. The surface of propellants can be modified by using the surface enrichment function of low surface energy composite particles containing fluorine, which can improve the salt resistance and high temperature resistance of propellant surface, and control the combustion performance of propellants at the same time. In order to explore the application of fluorine-containing composite particles in propellant, different types of TiO2/ homopolymer nano-composite particles were prepared by emulsion polymerization. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) (TEM), particle size distribution instrument were used. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and surface energy analyzer (SEA) were used to determine the surface structure, microstructure, thermal stability and surface free energy of the nanoparticles. Secondly, the modified propellants with different components were designed and prepared. The contents of functional additives, matrix components, fluorine contents of functional additives were studied by the airtight exploder. The effects of particle size and type of functional additives on the combustion properties of modified propellants were investigated. Finally, the effects of concentration, matrix, fluorine content and particle size on the migration and diffusion of fluorine-containing composite particles in propellants were preliminarily studied by using X- ray energy chromatograph (EDS),). The results show that the fluorine-containing homopolymer / Ti02 nanocomposite particles with low surface energy have been successfully prepared, and the nano-composite particles have regular core-shell structure. The addition of fluoride-containing functional additives and the molding of modified propellants are compatible with the existing extrusion molding process of propellants. Compared with dodecafluorine, trifluorine can reduce the burning rate of propellants and improve the combustion rate of propellants. Compared with single base propellants, dodecafluorine functional auxiliaries can improve the burning rate of double base propellants. The inhibitory effect of trifluorine on burning rate of notched rod-shaped propellant is more obvious than that of granular agent, and it has more obvious effect on increasing the increasing rate of incisional propellant. The interaction between nitrocellulose macromolecules is weakened by the addition of energetic plasticizer, which is beneficial to the migration and surface enrichment of fluorine-containing composite particles in the matrix. The particle size of fluorine-containing composite particles is smaller and easier to migrate than that of dodecafluorine composite particles. However, compared with the above mentioned fluorine content and the effect of matrix on the surface concentration, the particle size has less effect on the surface layer concentration. There is also little difference in the combustion performance of the propellant.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB34

【参考文献】