轻质低热导聚合物复合材料的制备及其性能研究

发布时间：2018-10-21 09:02

【摘要】：研究低热导、高强度、轻质量的新型多功能复合材料,对于实现资源和能源的高效利用、节能降耗减排以及人类环境和社会的可持续发展具有非常重要的意义。本论文通过复合手段,采用液相浸渍、模压成型以及高温固化工艺,制备出高强、轻质、低热导的复合材料,以满足航空航天、军事、建筑和工业领域等新技术发展的需要。本论文的研究工作包括四个部分:(1)用模压成型的方法,制备了多种中空玻璃微球(HGM)、碳酸钙、滑石粉、云母粉和连续玻璃纤维布共同改性不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料。用稳态法测得复合材料的热导率。通过一系列静态压缩和弯曲实验,研究了HGM填充量对复合材料的强度的影响,并分析了其影响原因。研究表明,随着HGM填充量的增加,复合材料的密度与热导率均有所降低;当HGM填充25%时,复合材料热导率值仅为1.180 W/(m·K)。复合材料的弯曲强度随着HGM的填充量增加而先增强后降低,当HGM填充为10%时,达到最大值为223.176 MPa,无机填料的填充降低了复合材料的弯曲强度。复合材料压缩性能随着HGM填充量的增加而降低,无机填料的填充,增大了复合材料的压缩强度。(2)通过模压成型法,制备了一系列中空玻璃微球/玻璃纤维毡/硅树脂复合材料。用稳态法测得复合材料的热导率。通过一系列拉伸、弯曲和静态压缩实验,研究了HGM填充量对复合材料的力学性能的影响,并分析了其影响原因。结果表明,随着HGM填充量的不断增加,复合材料的密度与热导率均有效降低,填充10%HGM时,复合材料的热导率下降44%;保持填料的体积不变,用碳酸钙替代部分HGM,复合材料密度和热导率均变大。复合材料的拉伸、压缩和弯曲性能都随着HGM填充量的不断增加而下降,当填充10%HGM时,复合材料的拉伸、压缩和弯曲强度分别下降了33.46%、14.30%和17.39%,用碳酸钙替代部分HGM,复合材料力学性能也随之替代而增大。(3)采用模压成型法,制备了一系列中空玻璃微球/硅橡胶复合材料。对比两种不同型号HGM填充复合材料。结果表明,填充HGM能够减小复合材料的密度、热导率和热分解率,HGM-H40填充复合材料的密度、热导率和热分解率分别下降26.9%、48.3%和16.16%;而HGM-H60填充复合材料的密度热导率和热分解率下降了17.2%、45.2%和11.54%,表明HGM是很好的轻质、低热导填料,填充HGM提高了硅橡胶热稳定性能。填充HGM也改变了复合材料力学性能,拉伸强度、摩擦性能和断裂伸长率降低,而弹性模量和邵氏硬度增加。(4)使用模板法制备出CPS/SiO_2微球,分别在空气、氮气和氨气条件下煅烧制备三种中空SiO_2,用电镜扫描和透射等表征手段对三种中空SiO_2结构进行表征。使用模压成型法,制备了一系列中空二氧化硅/硅橡胶复合材料。结果表明,成功制备得到三种中空SiO_2。随着SiO_2填充量增加,复合材料密度和力学性能均有所下降,当填充4%经改性过的空气煅烧制备所得中空SiO_2时,复合材料拉伸强度下降最大,下降了41.87%;经空气煅烧所得的中空SiO_2填充复合材料,其光学性能优于氮气和氨气煅烧所得SiO_2填充复合材料。通过对比分析发现,改性过SiO_2填充复合材料力学和光学性能明显优于未改性的。
[Abstract]:The novel multifunctional composite material with low heat conductivity, high strength and light quality is very important for realizing efficient utilization of resources and energy, reducing energy consumption and reducing emission, and sustainable development of human environment and society. In this paper, the composite materials of high strength, light weight and low heat conductivity are prepared by means of liquid phase impregnation, compression molding and high temperature curing process, so as to meet the needs of new technological development such as aerospace, military, architectural and industrial fields. The research work of this thesis consists of four parts: (1) a variety of hollow glass microspheres (HGM), calcium carbonate, talcum powder, mica powder and continuous glass fiber cloth are used to modify unsaturated polyester resin composites. The thermal conductivity of the composite was measured by steady-state method. By means of a series of static compression and bending experiments, the effect of HGM filling amount on the strength of the composite was studied and its influence factors were analyzed. The results show that with the increase of HGM filling, the density and thermal conductivity of composites are reduced. When HGM is filled with 25%, the thermal conductivity of composites is only 1. 180W/ (m 路 K). The bending strength of the composite material decreases with the increase of the filling amount of the HGM. When the HGM is filled at 10%, the maximum value is 223. 176 MPa, and the filling of the inorganic filler reduces the bending strength of the composite material. The compressive performance of composite material decreases with the increase of the filling amount of HGM, and the filling of inorganic filler increases the compressive strength of the composite material. (2) A series of hollow glass microspheres/ glass fiber felt/ silicone composites were prepared by compression molding. The thermal conductivity of the composite was measured by steady-state method. Through a series of tensile, bending and static compression experiments, the effect of HGM filling amount on the mechanical properties of the composites was studied, and the influence factors were analyzed. The results show that with the increasing of HGM filling, the density and thermal conductivity of the composites are reduced effectively. When filling 10% HGM, the thermal conductivity of the composites is decreased by 44%; the bulk of the filler is kept unchanged, and the density and thermal conductivity of the composites are changed with the substitution of the calcium carbonate instead of the HGM. The tensile, compressive and bending properties of composites decreased with the increasing of HGM filling. When 10% HGM was filled, the tensile, compressive and bending strength of composites decreased by 33. 46%, 14. 30% and 17. 39%, respectively. The mechanical properties of the composites are also increased. (3) A series of hollow glass microspheres/ silicone rubber composites were prepared by compression molding. Two different models of HGM-filled composites were compared. The results showed that the density, thermal conductivity and thermal decomposition rate of HGM-H40 composites were decreased by 2.6. 9%, 48. 3% and 16. 16% respectively, while the density thermal conductivity and thermal decomposition rate of HGM-H60 filled composites decreased by 17. 2%, respectively. 45. 2% and 11.54%, indicating that HGM is a good light and low heat conducting filler, filling HGM to improve the thermal stability of silicone rubber. The filling of HGM also changed the mechanical properties, tensile strength, friction property and elongation at break of the composites, while the elastic modulus and Vickers hardness increased. (4) CPS/ SiO _ 2 microspheres were prepared by using template method, and three hollow SiO _ 2 structures were prepared under air, nitrogen and ammonia respectively, and three hollow SiO _ 2 structures were characterized by electron microscope scanning and transmission. A series of hollow silica/ silicone rubber composites were prepared by compression molding. The results showed that three kinds of hollow SiO _ 2 were obtained successfully. With the increase of the filling amount of SiO _ 2, the density and mechanical properties of the composites were decreased. When the hollow SiO _ 2 was prepared by filling 4% of modified air, the tensile strength of the composite was decreased by 41. 87%. Its optical performance is superior to that of SiO _ 2 filled composite material obtained from nitrogen gas and ammonia gas. It was found that the mechanical and optical properties of modified SiO _ 2-filled composites were better than those of unmodified SiO _ 2-filled composites.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB332

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