大型船舶推进轴系负荷测量及调整关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-01-18 04:06

本文关键词：大型船舶推进轴系负荷测量及调整关键技术研究　出处：《大连理工大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着货运船舶的日益大型化,船舶推进轴系的尺寸也逐渐增大,导致各轴承所承受的载荷随之增大,为保证船舶推进轴系的正常运行,航运界对轴系校中提出了更高要求。大多数船厂用于检测轴系校中质量的常用方法——轴承负荷测量技术,却依然停留在传统的技术手段上,这已不能满足实际的工程需要,为此,本文对船舶推进轴系负荷测量及调整技术进行了研究。首先,对基于顶举法的轴系负荷测量技术进行了理论分析,指出了顶举过程中常见的顶举曲线代表的含义,并给出了对应顶举工况下的轴承负荷计算方法。基于传感器技术、数据采集技术以及可视化编程软件VB .NET搭建了基于顶举法的轴承负荷测量系统,具体包括顶举数据采集硬件系统及操作软件。通过在多艘实船上的实际应用验证了测量系统的可靠性、精确性。其次,对基于应变片法的轴系负荷测量技术进行了理论研究,推导了尾轴管有、无前轴承两种情况下尾管后轴承前、后负荷分配的计算方法,同时对测量误差及计算误差进行了分析,制定了布片原则和选片方法。除此之外,开发了基于应变片法的轴系负荷计算软件,并对实测工艺进行优化,简化了贴片流程,提高了测量精度。通过实船测试,将采用应变片法的测量结果与采用顶举法的测量结果对比,验证了基于应变片法的轴系负荷测量系统的准确性。最后,为解决轴承负荷不满足校中要求的问题,对轴承位移调整优化方法进行了研究。基于顶举法推导了轴承刚度计算算法,并提出了基于有限元法的考虑轴承刚度的轴承负荷影响数计算方法。以轴承负荷影响数为依托,提出了基于非线性规划的轴承位移调整优化方法,同时通过对主机轴承实际调整工艺的研究,提出了主机整体调整的位移优化限制条件。基于此,开发了轴承位移优化调整软件,并通过实船测试,将软件计算结果与实船测试结果对比,验证了优化算法及计算软件的可行性及可靠性。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly large cargo ships, also increased size of shafting propulsion, lead load of each bearing increases, in order to ensure the normal operation of ship propulsion shafting, the shipping industry has put forward higher requirements on shafting alignment. The most commonly used methods for the detection of the quality of shipyard shaft system in schools -- bearing load measurement technology, but still remain in the traditional technology, which has been unable to meet the actual needs of the project, therefore, based on the ship propulsion shafting load measurement and adjustment technology is studied. Firstly, the shafting load measurement technology lifting method based on theoretical analysis, pointed out that the lift curve represents the meaning of common the lifting process, and gives the calculation method of the corresponding lifting bearing load conditions. Based on the sensor technology, data acquisition technology and visual programming software VB.NET to build the base In the bearing load measurement system for lifting method, including lifting data acquisition hardware system and operating software. The reliability of measurement system is verified by the practical application in the real ship's accuracy. Secondly, the shaft load measurement technique of strain gauge method based on the theory research, deduced the tail shaft there is no front bearing tube, two cases after the tail pipe bearing, calculation method of load distribution, the measurement error and calculation error is analyzed, the principle of making a piece of cloth and film selection method. In addition, calculation software is developed based on the method of strain gauge load shaft, and the measuring process optimize, simplify the patch process, to improve the measurement accuracy. Through the real ship test, will use the measurement results of strain gauge method and compared with the measurement results of the lifting method, verified the shafting load measurement system of strain gauge based on accuracy. . finally, in order to solve the problem of bearing load does not meet the requirements of the school, the bearing displacement adjustment and optimization method are studied. Calculation of stiffness of the bearings based on the lifting method is deduced, and calculating the bearing load of the finite element method considering the effect of bearing stiffness on the bearing load method. Based on the number of affected number based on the proposed bearing displacement adjustment optimization method based on nonlinear programming, at the same time, through the study of the actual bearing host adjustment process, put forward the optimized conditions to adjust the overall displacement of the host. Based on this, the development of software optimization and adjustment of displacement of the bearing, through the real ship test, compared the software calculation results and test results of real ship. To verify the feasibility and reliability of the optimization algorithm and calculation software.

【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U664.21

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