船舶主机遥控系统的研究与设计

发布时间：2018-08-09 20:17

【摘要】： 近年来,中国造船业处于快速成长阶段,但设计能力落后、配套产业发展滞后、大量电子设备和核心装备依赖进口,一直是制约行业发展的主要瓶颈。主机遥控系统是船舶自动化系统的核心,而国内船舶主机控制系统大部分以模拟量组合单元仪表为主,这类控制系统所需要的仪表控制器件数量多,大部分采用手动操作,数据显示精度低且控制困难,还有很多控制系统采用气动控制方式,因此无法实现控制系统的故障监测诊断。针对国内主机遥控系统的现状,本文设计了一套数字化船舶主机遥控系统,提出了遥控系统的整体设计方案。该方案采用网络化控制技术,将控制系统分为现场级、集控室级和驾驶室级三层结构,实现对船舶主机的本地控制和远程监控,解决了以往的控制系统无法实现远程遥控的弊端。三层控制网络之间利用冗余以太网进行通信,保证了数据通信的可靠性和实时性。专门设计了一套独立的安全保护系统,可以实现在主机遥控系统遇到故障无法正常运行的时候利用该安全保护系统完成对主机的紧急控制。该主机遥控系统采用模块化设计思想,分别设计了动力系统控制模块和监测传输模块,其中动力系统控制模块主要完成柴油机转速采样、转速误差及调速运算,齿轮箱输出控制,PWM输出,对输入输出信号进行阻抗变换以及柴油机超速保护等功能。监测传输模块主要完成控制系统工作模式采集、实时监测与记录柴油机控制系统运行参数,绘制重要参数实时曲线,故障信息显示功能的实现。模块之间通过双端口RAM实现内部信息的交换。本文还设计了多种参数数据库,可以满足多种型号主机的控制需求,增加了控制系统的通用性。最后,本文选用塑料封装作为控制器的抗腐蚀涂层,并且提出了包括电路方面,结构方面的抗电磁干扰的措施。本文设计的主机遥控系统实现了针对船舶主机的数字化监控功能,达到了海上环境以及机舱现场对控制系统防腐蚀、抗电磁干扰能力的特殊要求。解决了当前主机遥控系统大部分以模拟量组合单元仪表为主带来的弊端。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's shipbuilding industry is in a rapid growth stage, but the design capacity is backward, the development of supporting industry lags behind, a large number of electronic equipment and core equipment rely on imports, has been the main bottleneck restricting the development of the industry. The main engine remote control system is the core of the ship automation system, and most of the domestic ship mainframe control systems are mainly composed of analog unit instruments, which require a large number of instrument controllers, most of which are operated manually. The precision of data display is low and the control is difficult, and many control systems adopt pneumatic control mode, so it is impossible to realize the fault monitoring and diagnosis of the control system. In view of the present situation of the main engine remote control system in China, a set of digital marine main engine remote control system is designed in this paper, and the overall design scheme of the remote control system is put forward. The control system is divided into three layers: field level, centralized control room level and cab level, which realizes the local control and remote monitoring of the main engine of the ship. Solve the problem that the former control system can not realize remote control. The three-layer control network uses redundant Ethernet to communicate, which ensures the reliability and real-time of data communication. A set of independent security protection system is specially designed, which can realize the emergency control of the host when the remote control system fails to work properly. The main engine remote control system adopts the modular design idea, and designs the power system control module and the monitoring transmission module respectively, in which the power system control module mainly completes the diesel engine speed sampling, the speed error and the speed regulation operation. Gearbox output control PWM output, input and output signal impedance transformation and diesel engine overspeed protection and other functions. The monitoring and transmission module mainly completes the control system working mode collection, real-time monitoring and recording of diesel engine control system operating parameters, drawing important parameters real-time curve, the realization of fault information display function. The exchange of internal information between modules is realized by dual port RAM. This paper also designs a variety of parameter databases, which can meet the control requirements of various types of mainframe, and increase the generality of the control system. Finally, the plastic package is selected as the corrosion resistant coating of the controller, and some measures are proposed to resist electromagnetic interference in the aspects of circuit and structure. The main engine remote control system designed in this paper realizes the function of digital monitoring for the main engine of the ship, and achieves the special requirements of the marine environment and the field of engine room for the anti-corrosion and anti-electromagnetic interference ability of the control system. It solves the malpractice of the main engine remote control system which is mainly composed of analog unit instrument.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：TP872

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