基于SIMULINK的船用冷藏集装箱仿真及系统能耗研究
发布时间：2018-11-07 18:58
【摘要】：船用冷藏集装箱是海上运输冷藏货物的重要工具。国内外对船用冷藏集装箱的能耗情况虽有研究,但很少涉及全航程的能耗分析。利用仿真模型对船用冷藏集装箱进行全航程能耗分析,方便于直接考察在不同外界环境下冷藏集装箱的能耗情况,找出合理的冷藏集装箱节能方法。降低船用冷藏集装箱漏热率可有效减小耗电量,将具有更小传热系数的真空绝热板应用于冷藏集装箱围护结构应是一种有效的节能途径。本文以20英尺的标准船用冷藏集装箱为研究对象,分别建立起该冷藏集装箱制冷机组的热力学仿真模型以及箱体的数学模型,构建起船用冷藏集装箱的系统模型,运用Simulink软件进行仿真运算,并利用船用冷藏集装箱性能实验台进行验证实验。利用仿真模型针对实际航行中的船用冷藏集装箱进行了全航程的能耗分析,同时分析采用真空绝热板的船用冷藏集装箱的节能情况。首先,本文建立起船用冷藏集装箱制冷机组中压缩机、冷凝器和蒸发器的热力学仿真模型。压缩机模型可计算不同工况时的制冷剂质量流量、压缩机功率和出口制冷剂的温度与压力。根据船用冷藏集装箱性能实验台中蒸发器与冷凝器的结构参数,建立起换热器的稳态集中参数模型。根据膨胀阀调整蒸发器过热度的作用,将其体现在整体系统模型的判断条件中,从而省略了膨胀阀模型。而后制冷系统各部件间的耦合关系,利用Simulink建立了包含压缩机、冷凝器和蒸发器的制冷机组的整体仿真模型;并根据能量守恒定律建立起箱体围护结构的数学模型。最后将制冷机组的热力学模型与箱体的数学模型整合起船用冷藏集装箱的系统模型。然后,在船用冷藏集装箱性能实验台上分别进行了不同环境温度、不同箱内温度的全负荷实验。通过在箱内加入加热器来模拟箱内热负荷,开启加热器,分别加入5k W、6k W、7k W、8k W和9k W负荷,记录系统的运行数据,计算各个工况下的系统能效比。在所建立的仿真模型中输入与实验相同的外界环境温度和箱内温度,计算出系统制冷量、压缩机功率和系统能效比,与实验数据进行对比分析,验证船用冷藏集装箱的仿真模型。最后,利用所建立的船用冷藏集装箱仿真模型,针对某个九月份厦门至大连航线上的集装箱船中的一个标准冷藏集装箱进行全航程能耗分析。提出了将围护结构中传统的聚氨酯泡沫换成真空绝热板的设想,并计算分析了在相同实际航程中采用真空绝热板的船用冷藏集装箱能耗情况。仿真结果表明采用了导热系数更小的真空绝热板后,系统实际耗能减少7.5%,能够有效实现节能。
[Abstract]:Marine refrigerated container is an important tool to transport refrigerated goods by sea. Although the energy consumption of marine refrigerated containers has been studied at home and abroad, energy consumption analysis of full voyage is seldom involved. The simulation model is used to analyze the energy consumption of marine refrigerated containers on full voyage, which is convenient to directly investigate the energy consumption of refrigerated containers in different external environments, and to find out a reasonable energy saving method for refrigerated containers. Reducing the heat leakage rate of marine refrigerated container can effectively reduce the power consumption. It is an effective way to save energy by applying vacuum insulation plate with smaller heat transfer coefficient to the cold storage container enclosure structure. Taking the standard marine refrigerated container of 20 feet as the research object, the thermodynamic simulation model and the mathematical model of the refrigerated container are established in this paper, and the system model of the refrigerated container for the ship is constructed. The simulation calculation is carried out by Simulink software, and the verification experiment is carried out by using the performance test bench of marine refrigerated container. Based on the simulation model, the energy consumption of the ship refrigerated container is analyzed, and the energy saving of the ship refrigerated container with vacuum insulation plate is analyzed at the same time. Firstly, the thermodynamic simulation model of compressor, condenser and evaporator in marine refrigerated container refrigeration unit is established. The compressor model can calculate the mass flow rate of refrigerant, compressor power and the temperature and pressure of outlet refrigerant. According to the structural parameters of evaporator and condenser in the performance test table of marine refrigerated container, a steady state concentrated parameter model of heat exchanger is established. According to the effect of expansion valve to adjust the superheat of evaporator, it is reflected in the judgment condition of the whole system model, thus omitting the expansion valve model. Then the whole simulation model of refrigeration unit including compressor, condenser and evaporator is established by using Simulink, and the mathematical model of enclosure structure is established according to the law of conservation of energy. Finally, the thermodynamic model of the refrigeration unit and the mathematical model of the box are integrated into the system model of the marine refrigerated container. Then, the full load tests of different ambient temperature and different box temperature were carried out on the performance test bench of marine refrigerated container. By adding a heater into the box to simulate the heat load in the box and open the heater, the system energy efficiency ratio is calculated by adding 5k W / 6k W / W 7k W / W 8kW and 9kW load respectively, recording the operation data of the system and calculating the energy efficiency ratio of the system under various working conditions. In the established simulation model, the external ambient temperature and the temperature in the box are input the same as the experiment, the cooling capacity of the system, the compressor power and the system energy efficiency ratio are calculated and compared with the experimental data. Verify the simulation model of marine refrigerated container. Finally, using the simulation model of ship refrigerated container, the energy consumption of a standard refrigerated container on a container ship from Xiamen to Dalian in September is analyzed. The idea of replacing the traditional polyurethane foam in the envelope structure with the vacuum insulation board is put forward, and the energy consumption of the marine refrigerated container using the vacuum insulation board in the same actual voyage is calculated and analyzed. The simulation results show that the actual energy consumption of the system can be reduced by 7.5%, and the energy saving can be realized effectively by using the vacuum insulation plate with smaller thermal conductivity.
【学位授予单位】：集美大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U664.5
本文编号：2317285
[Abstract]:Marine refrigerated container is an important tool to transport refrigerated goods by sea. Although the energy consumption of marine refrigerated containers has been studied at home and abroad, energy consumption analysis of full voyage is seldom involved. The simulation model is used to analyze the energy consumption of marine refrigerated containers on full voyage, which is convenient to directly investigate the energy consumption of refrigerated containers in different external environments, and to find out a reasonable energy saving method for refrigerated containers. Reducing the heat leakage rate of marine refrigerated container can effectively reduce the power consumption. It is an effective way to save energy by applying vacuum insulation plate with smaller heat transfer coefficient to the cold storage container enclosure structure. Taking the standard marine refrigerated container of 20 feet as the research object, the thermodynamic simulation model and the mathematical model of the refrigerated container are established in this paper, and the system model of the refrigerated container for the ship is constructed. The simulation calculation is carried out by Simulink software, and the verification experiment is carried out by using the performance test bench of marine refrigerated container. Based on the simulation model, the energy consumption of the ship refrigerated container is analyzed, and the energy saving of the ship refrigerated container with vacuum insulation plate is analyzed at the same time. Firstly, the thermodynamic simulation model of compressor, condenser and evaporator in marine refrigerated container refrigeration unit is established. The compressor model can calculate the mass flow rate of refrigerant, compressor power and the temperature and pressure of outlet refrigerant. According to the structural parameters of evaporator and condenser in the performance test table of marine refrigerated container, a steady state concentrated parameter model of heat exchanger is established. According to the effect of expansion valve to adjust the superheat of evaporator, it is reflected in the judgment condition of the whole system model, thus omitting the expansion valve model. Then the whole simulation model of refrigeration unit including compressor, condenser and evaporator is established by using Simulink, and the mathematical model of enclosure structure is established according to the law of conservation of energy. Finally, the thermodynamic model of the refrigeration unit and the mathematical model of the box are integrated into the system model of the marine refrigerated container. Then, the full load tests of different ambient temperature and different box temperature were carried out on the performance test bench of marine refrigerated container. By adding a heater into the box to simulate the heat load in the box and open the heater, the system energy efficiency ratio is calculated by adding 5k W / 6k W / W 7k W / W 8kW and 9kW load respectively, recording the operation data of the system and calculating the energy efficiency ratio of the system under various working conditions. In the established simulation model, the external ambient temperature and the temperature in the box are input the same as the experiment, the cooling capacity of the system, the compressor power and the system energy efficiency ratio are calculated and compared with the experimental data. Verify the simulation model of marine refrigerated container. Finally, using the simulation model of ship refrigerated container, the energy consumption of a standard refrigerated container on a container ship from Xiamen to Dalian in September is analyzed. The idea of replacing the traditional polyurethane foam in the envelope structure with the vacuum insulation board is put forward, and the energy consumption of the marine refrigerated container using the vacuum insulation board in the same actual voyage is calculated and analyzed. The simulation results show that the actual energy consumption of the system can be reduced by 7.5%, and the energy saving can be realized effectively by using the vacuum insulation plate with smaller thermal conductivity.
【学位授予单位】：集美大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U664.5
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 梁彩华,张小松,徐国英;过热度变化对制冷系统性能影响的仿真与试验研究[J];流体机械;2005年09期
2 孙斌;周妍;;换热器动态参数模型的建立与计算分析[J];化工机械;2013年04期
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