BJ市充电桩市场化经济分析

发布时间：2017-12-27 21:47

本文关键词：BJ市充电桩市场化经济分析　出处：《北京交通大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济的发展和科技的进步,环境和能源问题也越来越凸显,新能源电动车作为一种新兴行业的出现,以其用电能代替燃料的优势特点,能有效的缓解当前社会所面临的现状,因而越来越受到广泛的关注和重视。然而充电基础设施建设的不完善严重制约着新能源电动车的发展,充电设施的运营模式和盈利模式的不清晰使得充电桩投资者看不到利益的保障,更限制了充电设施的大规模建设,如何实现充电桩的市场化成为推动新能源电动车发展首先要攻克的难题。BJ市在新能源电动车的发展领域一直处于国内领先地位,且充电设施的规划建设已经形成了一定的规模,但是受到以上各种因素的限制,使得当前的发展现状仍未能对新能源电动车的发展起到有效的推动作用。国外在新能源电动车领域的起步较早,因此对充电基础设施的研究也有相对成熟的经验,尤其以美国、日本、法国三个国家为代表,而国内在当前充电设施发展的初级阶段,必然存在着很多问题,国外充电设施不管在发展现状还是国家政策的支持方面,都国内市场有一定的启示和借鉴作用。BJ市当前最为普遍的一种充电设施运营模式是在全BJ市范围内通过收取等额充电服务费来实现充电设施运营商投资的回收,然而在这种运营模式下,投资回收时间相对较长,充电设施运营商无法看到相对乐观的盈利状况。在综合分析了BJ市各区域人口和经济的发展状况后,我们认为人口经济的发展与充电需求是相匹配的,因此我们对BJ市充电桩布局按充电需求进行了区域划分,针对这种区域划分,我们设计了一种服务费差异化收费模式,即对不同的区域采取不同的服务费收费标准,这就使得充电需求高的地区以相对高的收费水平能加速充电桩运营商收回投资,一定程度上改善充电设施运营商的盈利状况。针对两种收费模式,我们采用净现值法分别对两者的经济效益和投资回收期进行了测算,并进行了对比分析,通过比较,服务费差异化模式下的充电桩运营的经济效益较现行收费模式下的经济效益有直观鲜明的改善和提高,该种模式对充电桩的市场化存在可行性。充电桩运营的模式的探索还在继续,未来必将出现有更加健全的运营模式。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the progress of science and technology, environmental and energy issues are increasingly prominent, new energy electric vehicles as a new industry, with its advantages of electricity instead of fuel, can alleviate the current social situation faced effectively, so more and more attention and attention. Not perfect but charging infrastructure construction is seriously restricting the development of new energy electric vehicles, charging facilities operating mode and profit model is not clear that the charging pile is not visible to investors to protect the interests of more restricted the large-scale construction of charging facilities, how to realize the marketization of charging pile has become a difficult problem to promote the development of new energy electric vehicles first conquer. The city of BJ has been in the field of development of new energy vehicles of the domestic leading position, and the planning and construction of charging facilities has formed a certain scale, but by the above factors, the current development is not to have the effect of promoting the development of the new energy electric vehicles. Overseas start in the new energy vehicle field earlier, so the research on the charging infrastructure also has a relatively mature experience, especially in the United States, Japan, France, representing three countries, while the domestic current charging facilities in the primary stage of development, there are many problems, no matter in the development of charging facilities for foreign or national situation policy support, all the domestic market has a certain inspiration and reference. BJ, the most common one kind of charging facilities operating mode in the BJ range by charging matching to achieve recovery of charging infrastructure investment operators charge service fees, but in this operating mode, the investment recovery period is relatively long, charging infrastructure operators to see relatively optimistic earnings. In the comprehensive analysis of the development status of the regional population and economy in the city of BJ, we believe that the development of economy and population charging requirements are matched, so we charge for BJ, according to the demand of the charging pile layout region, in this region, we design a service charge differential pricing model, i.e. take different service charges in different areas, which makes the charge at a relatively high level of charge can accelerate the charging pile operators to recover the investment demand high area, improve the charging infrastructure operators profit situation to a certain extent. For the two kinds of pricing model, we use NPV method respectively to both economic benefit and investment payback period were calculated, analyzed and compared, by comparison, the economic benefits of service fee difference under the mode of charging pile operating economic benefits than the current charging mode has direct vivid improved. The market of the charging pile models of feasibility. The exploration of the mode of the operation of the charging pile is still continuing, and there will be a more sound operation mode in the future.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F426.61

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