溶液法制备P-I-N型钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究

发布时间：2018-01-08 13:25

本文关键词：溶液法制备P-I-N型钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究　出处：《北京交通大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近数十年来,全球人口迅速增长,工业发展越来越快,随之伴随的能源消耗越来越大,为了长期可持续的发展,人们对可再生能源的需求就越来越强烈。后来,基于ABX3 (A=CH3NH3, B=Pb, Sn, and X=Cl, Br, I)结构的有机钙钛矿,因为其突出的优点(1光捕获率很高。2主要原料便宜,储存充足。3可以由低温旋涂技术加工。4光吸收后,产生电子容易,能量损耗低等)逐渐吸引了人们的注意并得以迅速的发展。尽管如此,钙钛矿太阳能电池因为其对氧气和湿度很敏感,晶体结构易发生改变等原因,使得对钙钛矿太阳能电池的制备工艺和结构优化提出了更高的要求。本文针对上述问题,主要研究了钙钛矿太阳能电池的溶液体系,电荷传输层的制备等方面对钙钛矿太阳能电池效率的影响,具体的工作如下：(1)改善钙钛矿薄膜的表面形貌是提高器件PCE的主要途径,文献中通常采用在前驱体溶液中加入固体添加剂的手段实现,如CH3NH3Cl、NH4Cl等。我们发现基于Pbl2的两步法制备钙钛矿太阳能电池,在钙钛矿前驱液中加入适量的PbCl2,同样可达到改善效率的目的,随着PbC12的量的增多,器件的效率得到了显著的提高,通过对不同比例的PbCl2:Pbl2进行研究,最终发现最优化的比例关系是PbCl2:Pbl2=1:1(摩尔比),效率达到了9.5%。(2)GBL和DMSO混合溶剂的应用。在制备钙钛矿太阳能电池的过程当中溶剂对于钙钛矿层的形成和形貌控制骑着至关重要的作用。鉴于DMSO和Pbl2有较强的相互作用,在基于MAPbI3的一步旋涂法制备钙钛矿电池的过程中,通过将DMSO和GBL以一定的比例混合,最终发现DMSO对钙钛矿层形貌的改善有很大帮助。(3)不同退火温度的尝试。关于钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究,之前文献中基本上都是采用两步旋涂法,分别将卤化铅和甲基碘化氨溶液旋涂在电荷传输层上退火加热,从而形成钙钛矿层。但是一步旋涂法的出现不仅大大的简化了实验过程,还因为钙钛矿的反应物质在前驱液中充分混合,从而使得钙钛矿层的成膜更加完整,最大限度的控制了卤化铅和甲基碘化铵的过量,从而有效的提高了电池的效率。所以研究不同退火温度下,基于一步旋涂法制备钙钛矿太阳能电池有很重要的意义。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, the rapid growth of the global population, industrial development more and more quickly, then with the growing energy consumption, in order to long-term sustainable development, demand for renewable energy is more and more intense. Later, based on the ABX3 (A=CH3NH3, B=Pb, Sn, and X= Cl, Br, I) organic perovskite structure and because of its outstanding advantages (1 light capture the main raw material of a high rate of.2 is cheap,.3 can be absorbed by the low temperature storage sufficient spin coating processing technology.4 light, electrons easily, low energy consumption) gradually attracted people's attention and to rapid development. However, because the perovskite type solar cell sensitive to oxygen and moisture, cause the crystal structure is easy to be changed, the preparation process and optimize the structure of perovskite solar cell has put forward higher requirements. Aiming at the above problems, the main research of the perovskite solar power The solution pool, affect the charge transport layer preparation of perovskite solar cell efficiency, the specific work is as follows: (1) improve the surface morphology of Perovskite Thin Films is an important way to improve the PCE device, the literature generally by adding solid additives in the precursor solution method, such as CH3NH3Cl, NH4Cl. We found that the two step method of Pbl2 perovskite solar cell based on adding PbCl2 in perovskite precursor solution, also can improve efficiency, with the increase in the amount of PbC12, the device efficiency has been significantly improved, based on the research of different proportion of PbCl2:Pbl2, finally found the proportion optimization the relationship between PbCl2:Pbl2=1:1 (molar ratio), the efficiency reached 9.5%. (2) using GBL and DMSO mixed solvent. The solvent for the perovskite layer in the process of preparation of perovskite solar cell The formation and morphology control of riding a vital role. In view of the fact that DMSO and Pbl2 have a strong interaction, based on a spin coating preparation of perovskite MAPbI3 battery in the process of using DMSO and GBL mixed with a certain proportion, finally found improvement on the perovskite morphology of DMSO (3) are of great help. Try different annealing temperature. Research on perovskite solar cell, before in the literature are basically using the two step spin coating, respectively lead halide and methyl iodide in ammonia solution was spin coated on charge transport layer annealing, thus forming a perovskite layer. But there is a step in the spin coating method not only simplifies greatly during the experiment, but also because the reaction material perovskite mixing in the precursor solution, which makes the film perovskite layer is more complete, the maximum control of excessive lead halide and ammonium methyl iodide, thereby effectively. The efficiency of the battery is higher. So it is of great significance to study the perovskite solar cell based on one step spin coating method at different annealing temperatures.

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM914.4

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