碳材料形貌的控制及电化学的研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 23:00

本文关键词：碳材料形貌的控制及电化学的研究　出处：《河北科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近几年来,随着社会经济、科学技术的飞速发展以及人口的急剧增长,资源和能源的短缺的问题日渐突出。电化学超级电容器作为新的能源储存装置受到了人们广泛地关注。电化学超级电容器常用的电极材料具有大的比表面积,如碳材料。因此,本论文从碳材料形貌的控制入手,分别制备出不同形貌的碳材料,并研究其在电化学超级电容器应用性能,来确定影响超级电容器的因素。本论文的主要研究内容是:1)目前,活性炭材料由于具有较高的比表面积被广泛应用于电容器,但是其存在大量的封闭微孔以及无序的孔连接,使得其比表面积利用率较低,因而对比电容的贡献甚微。因此,本论文以脲醛树脂为碳源和氮源,SBA-15为无机物前驱体,氯化锌为造孔剂,通过浸渍的方法制备了微孔-介孔棒状碳。实验结果表明;由于高的比表面积、丰富的孔隙结构以及氮掺杂,所制备的微孔-介孔棒状碳具有一个很好的电化学超级电容器的性能。2)氮原子能够提高材料的表面碱性位,从而提高材料在电解液中的湿润度。因此,本论文提出共组装模板导向剂的方法制备高的氮掺杂中空碳球。SiO_2作为硬模板,溴化十六烷基三甲基咪唑作为阳离子表面活性剂,间苯二酚甲醛树脂作为碳源,三聚氰胺作为氮源。在负载过程中溴化十六烷基三甲基咪唑能够提高SiO_2在反应液中的分散,同时可以与SiO_2和间苯二酚甲醛树脂通过静电作用组装并且在碳的骨架中引入氮元素。加入三聚氰胺后,样品的氮的含量得到了进一步的提高,可以提高电化学超级电容器的性能。这些结果表明具有高的含氮量和中空结构的碳球是一类很有前景的电化学超级电容器的电极材料。3)中空结构可以作为离子的储存池有利于高速率下的离子的缓冲作用。因此,本论文报道了通过一步硅助剂自组装的方法制备了中空介孔碳球和核壳介孔碳球。中空介孔碳球的制备以SiO_2作为内核,3-间氨基苯酚甲醛树脂作为聚合物的前驱体,正硅酸乙酯作为无机前驱体以及十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作为阳离子表面活性剂。3-间氨基苯酚甲醛树脂和正硅酸乙酯通过静电作用可以共同沉积在SiO_2的表面。碳化溶硅后,可以得到具有丰富和均一介孔尺寸的中空介孔碳球。中空介孔碳球具有均匀的球形形貌、介孔尺寸和高的比表面积。这些结果表明中空介孔碳球可作为电化学超级电容器的电极材料。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of social economy, science and technology and the rapid growth of population. The shortage of resources and energy is becoming more and more serious. As a new energy storage device, electrochemical supercapacitors have attracted much attention. The electrode materials commonly used in electrochemical supercapacitors have a large specific surface area. For example, carbon materials. Therefore, starting with the control of the morphology of carbon materials, carbon materials with different morphologies were prepared, and their application performance in electrochemical supercapacitors was studied. The main research content of this thesis is: (1) at present, activated carbon materials are widely used in capacitors because of their high specific surface area. However, there are a large number of closed micropores and disordered pore connections, which make its specific surface area utilization low, so the contribution of capacitance is very little. Therefore, UF resin is used as carbon and nitrogen source in this thesis. Microporous mesoporous rod carbon was prepared by impregnation with SBA-15 as inorganic precursor and zinc chloride as pore-forming agent. Due to high specific surface area, rich pore structure and nitrogen doping. The prepared microporous mesoporous carbon has a good performance of electrochemical supercapacitors. 2) nitrogen atoms can improve the surface alkaline potential of the materials and thus improve the wettability of the materials in the electrolyte. In this paper, a co-assembled template guidance agent was proposed to prepare high nitrogen doped hollow carbon spheres. SiOStack2 was used as hard template and cetyltrimethylimidazole bromide as cationic surfactant. Resorcinol formaldehyde resin as carbon source and melamine as nitrogen source. Cetyltrimethylimidazole bromide can improve the dispersion of SiO_2 in the reaction solution during the loading process. At the same time, it can be assembled with SiO_2 and resorcinol formaldehyde resin by electrostatic interaction and the nitrogen element is introduced into the carbon skeleton. After adding melamine, the nitrogen content of the sample is further improved. These results indicate that carbon spheres with high nitrogen content and hollow structure are promising electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors. Hollow structure can be used as an ion storage cell to buffer ions at high rates. In this paper, we report the preparation of hollow mesoporous carbon spheres and core-shell mesoporous carbon spheres by one-step silicon self-assembly method. The hollow mesoporous carbon spheres are prepared with SiO_2 as the core. 3-aminophenol formaldehyde resin is used as the precursor of polymer. Ethyl orthosilicate as inorganic precursor and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as cationic surfactant. 3-aminophenol formaldehyde resin and ethyl orthosilicate can be deposited in SiO_2 by electrostatic interaction. After carbonization of silicon. Hollow mesoporous carbon spheres with rich and uniform mesoporous sizes can be obtained. The hollow mesoporous carbon spheres have uniform spherical morphology. These results indicate that hollow mesoporous carbon spheres can be used as electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors.
【学位授予单位】：河北科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ127.11;TM53

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