基于改进型算法的太阳能最大功率点追踪（MPPT）的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-01-12 23:10

本文关键词：基于改进型算法的太阳能最大功率点追踪（MPPT）的研究与实现　出处：《吉林大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：能源问题已成为全球的焦点,煤炭、石油等传统能源不仅越来越不能满足人类未来的需求,还会造成不可避免的环境污染,因此,可再生能源和清洁能源的开发已成为大趋势。在众多可再生能源中,太阳能以其蕴藏量巨大、无污染、无消耗、安全等优点受到了世界各国的广泛关注。太阳能最广泛的应用之一便是太阳能光伏电池,但是目前面临的一个主要问题就是由于外部环境和负载的影响,太阳能电池不能实时输出最大功率,造成转换效率的低下和太阳能资源的浪费。而解决这个问题的方法之一就是进行最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)。为此,本文进行了MPPT的研究和实现工作,包括MPPT算法的提出、模拟负载的测试和具体的应用实现。本文首先论述了太阳能电池的电气特性,建立了进行MPPT的理论基础。通过分析传统的MPPT算法的优劣,在扰动观测法的基础上融合了法国数学家柯西的思想,提出了一种全新的改进型算法,图文并茂、深入浅出地对算法进行剖析,并进行Matlab仿真。随后进行MPPT的测试工作,测试利用电子负载作为太阳能电池的模拟负载,将算法融入到上位机软件中,利用上位机控制电子负载来进行最大功率点的追踪;本上位机基于Windows Forms平台,由C#语言编写,具有控制、显示和存储等功能,为了便于研究改进型算法与传统算法,上位机可切换两种算法的追踪方式,并将测试结果回传给上位机进行存储。最后进行本课题研究的具体实现,设计了一个MPPT的控制系统,系统的组成包括功率模块和控制模块,功率模块主要是开关变换电路,控制模块主要是采集、通讯和STM32单片机系统等;利用此控制系统进行最大功率点追踪并将最终结果传递给上位机。论文对数据的分析分为两次,第一次比较电子负载回传的传统算法和改进型算法的数据,得出了改进型算法的优越性;第二次是控制系统上传到上位机的数据与之前的电子负载的数据比较,验证了基于此算法的控制系统对最大功率点追踪有很好的效果。
[Abstract]:Energy problem has become the global focus, coal, oil and other traditional energy sources not only can not meet the future needs of human beings, but also cause inevitable environmental pollution. The development of renewable energy and clean energy has become a major trend. Among the many renewable energy, solar energy has a huge potential, no pollution, no consumption. One of the most widely used solar energy is solar photovoltaic cells, but one of the main problems is the impact of external environment and load. Solar cells can not output the maximum power in real time, resulting in low conversion efficiency and waste of solar energy resources. One of the solutions to this problem is to carry out maximum power point tracking (MPPTT). In this paper, the research and implementation of MPPT are carried out, including the MPPT algorithm, the test of simulated load and the implementation of specific application. Firstly, the electrical characteristics of solar cells are discussed in this paper. By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional MPPT algorithm and combining the French mathematician Cauchy's idea with the perturbation observation method, a new improved algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is analyzed in detail and Matlab simulation is carried out. Then the test work of MPPT is carried out to test the use of electronic load as the simulation load of solar cells. The algorithm is integrated into the software of the host computer and the electronic load is controlled by the host computer to track the maximum power point. The host computer is based on Windows Forms platform, written by C # language, and has the functions of control, display and storage. In order to study the improved algorithm and traditional algorithm for convenience. The upper computer can switch the tracking mode of the two algorithms and send the test results back to the host computer for storage. Finally, a MPPT control system is designed. The system consists of power module and control module, power module is switch conversion circuit, control module is mainly acquisition, communication and STM32 MCU system. The control system is used to track the maximum power points and transmit the final results to the host computer. The data analysis is divided into two parts: the first time comparing the data of the traditional algorithm with the improved algorithm. The superiority of the improved algorithm is obtained. The second time, the data uploaded by the control system to the host computer is compared with the data of the previous electronic load, which verifies that the control system based on this algorithm has a good effect on the maximum power point tracking.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM914.4

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