非线性定价下的居民能源需求特征测度——基于条件与无条件需求的比较

发布时间：2018-01-16 03:01

  本文关键词：非线性定价下的居民能源需求特征测度——基于条件与无条件需求的比较　出处：《产业经济研究》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

  更多相关文章： 纯阶梯定价 分时阶梯定价 条件与无条件需求 离散-连续选择模型 弹性结构分解

【摘要】：随着能源领域复杂非线性定价的广泛使用,对居民能源需求特征的准确测度,是政府规制者和学术界评估与实施能源发展战略的基础问题。以居民用电的分时阶梯定价为例,首先从理论上刻画了非线性定价下的条件需求与无条件需求;然后利用2009—2011年杭州和上海的电网公司行政数据,分别估计了条件需求与无条件需求收入与价格特征,并通过分解需求弹性探索了阶梯定价结构与需求特征间的关系。结果显示:不同阶梯下的条件价格弹性差异明显,在峰和谷时段分别为-0.24~-3.93和-0.06~-1.19;利用参数与非参数估计得出的分时阶梯电价下的无条件需求的价格弹性分别为-1.051与-1.032,均大于纯分时电价下的需求弹性-0.688。理论与实证分析表明,定价结构显著影响需求特征,阶梯定价相对于线性定价将提高居民的能源价格弹性;而对条件弹性与无条件弹性的分解显示,非线性定价的价格弹性受到尖点黏贴效应与阶梯虚拟收入效应的联合影响。研究为我国正在实施的能源价格改革提供了参考。
[Abstract]:With the wide use of complex nonlinear pricing in energy field, the characteristics of energy demand of residents are accurately measured. It is the basic problem for government regulators and academic circles to evaluate and implement the energy development strategy. Taking the time-sharing ladder pricing of residential electricity as an example, the conditional and unconditional demand under nonlinear pricing is described theoretically. Then we estimate the income and price characteristics of conditional demand and unconditional demand by using the administrative data of Hangzhou and Shanghai grid companies from 2009-2011. The relationship between ladder pricing structure and demand characteristics is explored by decomposing demand elasticity. The results show that there are obvious differences in conditional price elasticity under different staircases. The peak and valley were -0.24 ~ 3.93 and -0.06 ~ 1.19, respectively. The price elasticity of unconditional demand estimated by parametric and non-parametric estimates is -1.051 and -1.032, respectively. The theoretical and empirical analysis shows that the pricing structure significantly affects the demand characteristics, and the ladder pricing will improve the energy price elasticity of residents compared with linear pricing. The decomposition of conditional elasticity and unconditional elasticity shows. The price elasticity of nonlinear pricing is influenced by the combination of cusp adhesion effect and step virtual income effect. The research provides a reference for the energy price reform being implemented in China.
【作者单位】： 西南大学经济管理学院;北京交通大学经济管理学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金青年项目(71603218) 教育部人文社科青年项目(13YJC790101) 西南大学中央高校重大培育项目(SWU1609112)
【分类号】：F426.61
【正文快照】： 一、引言随着全球资源与环境约束的日益严重及收入分配状况的不断恶化,从20世纪70年代开始,很多西方国家就资源和能源的使用出台了旨在促进节能环保和改善收入分配的价格改革,居民能源市场大量引入非线性的定价方式[1]。其中,递增阶梯定价(Increasing block pricing,IBP)是一，

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