非正弦供电下五相感应电机无速度传感器技术研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 18:55

本文关键词： 五相感应电机矢量控制非正弦供电瞬时功率理论无速度传感器　出处：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：相比于传统的三相电机驱动系统,多相电机驱动系统因其低压大功率、高功率密度、高可靠性、多自由度的特性,在大功率场合有着良好的应用前景,如航空起动/发电系统、船舰多电推进系统、电动汽车驱动系统等。以此为背景,本文立足于五相感应电机驱动系统,针对其相关高性能驱动关键技术进行了比较深入的研究,文章的主要内容如下:首先,利用绕组函数的分析方法,对多相感应电机的时空磁动势进行计算,揭示了多相电机运行的本质,后续通过空间矢量解耦理论,推导了多相感应电机在同步速下多平面解耦控制的数学模型,阐述并分析了多相电机多自由度的原理,为后面的研究奠定了良好的理论基础。其次,为了使得五相感应驱动系统能取得高性能动静态响应,构建了基于转子磁场定向的双平面矢量控制系统,分析并设计了其各控制环的PI调节器参数。其中,详细介绍了五相感应电机双平面转子磁场定向的控制原理,在此基础上构建了整个系统的传递函数模型,并且基于采样频率、期望带宽和电机参数,精细化设计了一套良好的控制器PI参数,实验结果论证了双平面矢量控制系统良好的运行性能并揭示了双平面矢量控制的本质。然后,为了优化五相感应电机驱动系统的铁芯利用率,并提升其转矩输出,对非正弦供电控制技术进行了研究,并且分析了在非正弦供电下,上述性能改善的本质原因。阐述了传统的双平面转子磁场定向下的非正弦供电控制原理,分析并揭示了由于这种算法在负载情况下由于忽略了气隙漏感的影响,两个平面的气隙磁密会出现相位偏移,气隙合成磁场畸变的问题。并从这个问题出发,提出了改进式的非正弦供电控制方法,这种方法采用基波转子磁场定向下,三次谐波气隙磁场定向下注入三次谐波方式实现。实验结果表明,该算法实时调整三次谐波平面气隙磁场定向的位置,消除了由于气隙磁密相位角偏移导致的畸变,保证了气隙磁密在负载条件下仍为平顶波。最后,为了消除机械编码器在恶劣工况下存在故障并强化测速系统的性能,提出了在非正弦供电下,适用于五相感应电机系统的基于瞬时无功功率的混合IRP-MRAS无速度控制算法。该方法综合了 Q-MRAS以及X-MRAS的优点,其相对于传统的无速度传感器控制有着良好的低速性能,辨识范围广,并且可以四象限稳定运行,且对定子电阻变化不敏感。随后,利用Popov超稳定性理论设计了系统的自适应率,并采取小信号模型分析的方法法验证了速度辨识系统的闭环观测稳定性。最后对于提出非正弦供电下混合IRP-MRAS的速度辨识方法的有效性进行了实验验证。
[Abstract]:Compared with the traditional three-phase motor drive system, the multi-phase motor drive system has a good application prospect in high-power applications, such as aeronautical starting / generating system, because of its characteristics of low voltage and high power, high power density, high reliability and multi-degree of freedom. In this paper, based on the five-phase induction motor drive system, the key technologies related to the high performance drive are studied deeply, such as multi-electric propulsion system, electric vehicle driving system and so on. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the space-time magnetic EMF of multiphase induction motor is calculated by the method of winding function, and the essence of multiphase motor is revealed. The mathematical model of multi-plane decoupling control of multi-phase induction motor at synchronous speed is derived, and the principle of multi-degree-of-freedom of multi-phase motor is expounded and analyzed, which lays a good theoretical foundation for the later research. In order to make the five-phase induction drive system obtain high performance dynamic and static response, a two-plane vector control system based on rotor magnetic field orientation is constructed, and the Pi regulator parameters of each control loop are analyzed and designed. This paper introduces in detail the control principle of two-plane rotor flux orientation of five-phase induction motor, and constructs the transfer function model of the whole system based on the sampling frequency, the expected bandwidth and the parameters of the motor. A set of fine Pi parameters of the controller is designed in detail. The experimental results demonstrate the good performance of the dual plane vector control system and reveal the essence of the dual plane vector control. In order to optimize the iron core utilization rate and improve the torque output of the five-phase induction motor drive system, the non-sinusoidal power supply control technology is studied, and the non-sinusoidal power supply is analyzed. The essential reason for the performance improvement mentioned above is to expound the traditional non-sinusoidal power supply control principle under the direction of the magnetic field of the biplane rotor, and to analyze and reveal the influence of the air gap leakage caused by this algorithm in the case of load. The phase shift and the distortion of the synthetic magnetic field of the air gap will occur in the air gap magnetic density of the two planes. Based on this problem, an improved non-sinusoidal power supply control method is proposed, which is based on the fundamental rotor magnetic field orientation. The experimental results show that the algorithm adjusts the position of the third harmonic plane air-gap magnetic field orientation in real time and eliminates the distortion caused by the air-gap magnetic density phase angle migration. The airgap magnetic density is still flat-top wave under the load condition. Finally, in order to eliminate the mechanical encoder failure under the bad working condition and strengthen the performance of the speed measuring system, the paper puts forward the non-sinusoidal power supply, A hybrid IRP-MRAS speed control algorithm based on instantaneous reactive power for five-phase induction motor systems is proposed. The proposed method integrates the advantages of Q-MRAS and X-MRAS, and has a good low speed performance compared with the traditional speed sensorless control. The identification range is wide, and the system can operate steadily in four quadrants, and it is insensitive to the change of stator resistance. Then, the adaptive rate of the system is designed by using the Popov hyperstability theory. The closed-loop observation stability of the speed identification system is verified by the method of small-signal model analysis. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed speed identification method for hybrid IRP-MRAS with non-sinusoidal power supply is verified experimentally.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM346

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