双层二氧化钛光阳极的制备及在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

发布时间：2018-03-02 12:33

本文选题：水热法　切入点：TiO_2　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：能源是全球经济发展的基石。随着传统化石能源的日趋枯竭,绿色可再生能源将成为世界能源发展的主旋律。太阳能光伏器件开始获得人们的广泛关注。特别地,染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)因其低廉的成本、简单的制作工艺、较高的理论光电转换效率、稳定的性能以及不污染环境的特点被广泛研究。然而在实际应用中,DSSC的光电转换效率偏低,如何提高效率是我们需要解决的难题。半导体TiO_2是染料敏化太阳能电池主要应用的光阳极材料,具有原材料丰富、成本低、化学惰性和生物无毒性等特点。改善TiO_2光阳极的性能对提高染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转换效率是十分重要的。本论文主要从优化TiO_2光阳极的结构出发,提高光阳极薄膜的光吸收能力和电子传输速率,进一步提高DSSC的光电转换效率。具体研究内容如下:(1)Au/Ag纳米粒子/线表面等离子共振增强双层膜DSSC光电性能研究。采用水热法制备了二维TiO_2纳米片、三维TiO_2微球和三维TiO_2空心球,通过刮刀法制备了新颖的双层TiO_2薄膜。其中,底层为连接层,由含有小晶粒尺寸的锐钛矿型TiO_2纳米颗粒组成。顶层为多功能层,包括微球、空心球、P25和纳米片。引入了Au/Ag纳米结构到TiO_2光阳极薄膜顶层中,并应用于DSSC。系统地探究了金纳米粒子(AuNP)、银纳米粒子(AgNP)、金纳米线(AuNW)和银纳米线(AgNW)的掺入对染料敏化太阳能电池光电性能的影响。研究结果表明,Au/Ag纳米结构的掺杂使得电池的能量转换效率均有所提高。基于TiO_2-AgNW光阳极薄膜的电池有最高的能量转换效率(PCE,η)为5.74%,短路电流密度Isc为13.02 mAcm-2,相对于纯电池(4.58%,11.83 mAcm-2)来说,能量转换效率有25.3%的提高。Isc和η提高的主要原因是:提高的电子传输速率;局部表面等离子体共振(LSPR)效应引起的光吸收和光散射的进一步的提高。(2)性能增强的TiO_2纳米棒阵列/纳米片-微球双层膜DSSC。采用水热法制备了一维TiO_2纳米棒阵列、二维TiO_2纳米片和三维TiO_2微球,通过刮刀法制备了新颖的TiO_2纳米棒阵列/纳米片-微球双层光阳极薄膜,并应用于DSSC中。探究了TiO_2纳米片与微球的质量百分比对电池光电性能的影响。研究结果表明,当TiO_2纳米片的质量百分比为50%时,电池表现出较好的光电性能,光电转换效率为1.71%。这是因为纳米片含量为50%的电池具有较好的光吸收特性,较小的载流子复合速率以及较快的电子传输速率。本论文制备了两种不同结构的双层TiO_2光阳极薄膜,并应用于染料敏化太阳能电池。探究了双层光阳极薄膜的结构、成分、形貌等对电池光伏性能的影响。本论文将为双层TiO_2光阳极薄膜在DSSCs中的应用提供新的研究依据。
[Abstract]:Energy is the cornerstone of global economic development. With the depletion of traditional fossil energy, green renewable energy will become the main theme of energy development in the world. Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has the advantages of low cost, simple fabrication process and high theoretical photoelectric conversion efficiency. The characteristics of stable performance and non-polluting environment have been widely studied. However, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSC is low in practical application. How to improve efficiency is a difficult problem we need to solve. Semiconductor TiO_2 is the main photoanode material for dye sensitized solar cells, which has rich raw materials and low cost. It is very important to improve the performance of TiO_2 photoanode for improving the photoconversion efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells. In this paper, the structure of TiO_2 photoanode is optimized. Improve the optical absorption capacity and electron transmission rate of the photoanode film, Further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSC. The detailed research contents are as follows: 1 / 1 au / Ag nanoparticles / line surface plasmon resonance enhanced DSSC photoelectric properties. Two-dimensional TiO_2 nanocrystals, three-dimensional TiO_2 microspheres and three-dimensional TiO_2 hollow spheres were prepared by hydrothermal method. A novel double-layer TiO_2 thin film was prepared by scraper method. The bottom layer is a connecting layer, which consists of anatase TiO_2 nanoparticles with small grain size. The top layer is a multifunctional layer, including microspheres. Au/Ag nanostructures were introduced into the top layer of TiO_2 photoanode film. The effects of the doping of gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, gold nanowires and silver nanowires on the photovoltaic properties of dyestuff sensitized solar cells were investigated systematically. The results show that the doping of au / Ag nanostructures can make the photovoltaic properties of solar cells sensitized by the doping of au / Ag nanostructures. The energy conversion efficiency of the cells based on the TiO_2-AgNW photoanode film was 5.74 and the short-circuit current density Isc was 13.02 mAcm-2, compared with the pure battery of 4.58 and 11.83 mAcm-2. The main reasons for the increase of energy conversion efficiency by 25.3%. Isc and 畏 are: the improved electron transmission rate; Local Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSP) effect induced further improvement of Light absorption and Light scattering. The TiO_2 nanorod arrays / nanowires / microspheres bilayer films are enhanced. One-dimensional TiO_2 nanorods arrays have been prepared by hydrothermal method. A novel TiO_2 nanorod array / nano-wafer-microsphere double-layer photoanode film was prepared by scraper method on two-dimensional TiO_2 nanoparticles and three-dimensional TiO_2 microspheres. The effect of the mass percentage of TiO_2 nanoparticles and microspheres on the photovoltaic performance of the battery is investigated. The results show that the cell exhibits better photoelectric performance when the mass percentage of TiO_2 nanowires is 50. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency is 1.71. This is due to the good optical absorption characteristics, lower carrier recombination rate and faster electron transmission rate of the 50% nanoscale battery. In this paper, two kinds of double-layer TiO_2 photoanode thin films with different structures have been prepared. The effects of the structure, composition and morphology of the double-layer photoanode film on the photovoltaic performance of the cell were investigated. This paper will provide a new research basis for the application of double-layer TiO_2 photoanode film in DSSCs.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM914.4

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