聚合物太阳能电池与钙钛矿太阳能电池的界面修饰工程

发布时间：2018-03-02 13:34

本文选题：聚合物太阳能电池　切入点：钙钛矿太阳能电池　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本论文围绕体异质结聚合物太阳能电池和平面型钙钛矿太阳能电池的界面修饰工程展开研究,主要内容包括三部分。1.采用热裂解方法制备锐钛矿TiO2纳米棒,应用在poly(4,8-bis-alkyloxybenzo(l,2-b:4,5-b,)dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(alky lthieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylate)-2,6-diyl)(PBDTTT-C)和(6,6)-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester(PC71BM)共混体系的倒置体异质结聚合物太阳能电池中作为电子传输层,实现高效的光伏性能。1)在合成过程中,通过抽取低沸点溶剂生长不同长径比的TiO2纳米棒。溶液加工TiO2纳米棒自组装形成电子传输层,具有形貌优异、能级位置合适、电子迁移率高等特性。2)基于短和长TiO2纳米棒的器件分别实现6.96%与7.26%的能量转换效率,优于使用常规无定形TiO2薄膜的器件(6.00%)。3)器件的电子传输机理研究表明,使用Ti02纳米棒薄膜可以减少电子传输层体内与界面缺陷,降低电子传输与收集过程中缺陷诱导的复合损失,提高短路电流与填充因子,实现高效的光电转换性能。2.制备不同的无定形TiOx电子传输层,应用在基于PBDTTT-C:PC7iBM体系的倒置体异质结聚合物太阳能电池中,研究器件的光浸润效应。1)通过溶胶凝胶法制备常规的无定形TiOx-a薄膜,并分别在空气与氮气环境中使用254 nm强紫外光(UV)照射制备TiOx-a(UV-air)与TiOx-a(UV-N2)薄膜。常规的TiOx-a薄膜形貌较差,存在一定数量的有机官能团与表面羟基和较低浓度的氧空位;TiOx-a(UV-air)薄膜形貌良好,存在大量的表面羟基和低浓度的氧空位;TiOx-a(UV-N2)薄膜形貌优异,存在极少的表面羟基和高浓度的氧空位。2)基于TiOx-a(UV-N2)电子传输层的器件实现7.79%的能量转换效率,有效消除光浸润效应与提高器件稳定性;基于TiOx-a与TiOx-a(UV-air)电子传输层的器件能量转换效率较低,分别为5.98%和3.27%,且两类器件都存在光浸润效应。3)器件的光电特性研究表明,无定形TiOx电子传输层内及其界面的陷阱俘获效应与界面电荷积累效应引起了光浸润效应。通过调控TiOx薄膜内缺陷的种类与浓度,可以有效消除光浸润效应。3.采用两步溶液沉积法制备Cs掺杂CH3NH3PbI3(MAPbI3(Cs)-NRs)钙钛矿薄膜,应用于平面型钙钛矿太阳能电池中作为光敏层,实现高效的光伏性能。1)在两步溶液沉积法中,Cs掺杂效应可以有效调控钙钛矿晶粒生长,改善薄膜形貌,并在薄膜表面实现纳米棒结构,薄膜的化学式为(MA)0.95Cs0.05PbI3;而在一步溶液沉积法中,相同Cs掺杂浓度的CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜并不会出现类似的纳米棒结构。2)基于MAPbI3(Cs)-NRs平面型钙钛矿太阳能电池的能量转换效率达到16.21%,远高于纯MAPbI3器件(12.98%),并有效抑制光电流-电压曲线的滞后效应。3)器件的载流子输运动力学研究表明,基于MAPbI3(Cs)-NRS器件具有良好的空穴传输界面,有效降低了载流子传输过程中陷阱俘获效应和离子迁移效应产生的陷阱诱导复合损失,从而实现高效的光电转换性能。
[Abstract]:In this thesis, the interfacial modification of bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells and planar perovskite solar cells is studied. The main contents are as follows: 1. Anatase TiO2 nanorods are prepared by pyrolysis method. Used as the electron transport layer in the inverted heterojunction polymer solar cells, the inverted heterojunction polymer solar cells (26-bis-alkyloxybenzol2-b4: 6-diyl-alt-alt-lthiophene-alt-lthiophene-2-carboxythiophene-2-carboxythiophene-2-carboxythiophene-2-carboxylateane-2-carboxylateane-2-carboxylate-2-carboxylateane-2-diylpyridine) and 666-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl esteresterPC71BM1 are used as the electron transport layer in the inverted heterojunction polymer solar cells, and the photovoltaic properties are achieved in the synthesis process. TiO2 nanorods with different aspect ratios were grown by extracting low boiling point solvents. The TiO2 nanorods were self-assembled in solution to form an electron transport layer with excellent morphology and appropriate energy level position. The energy conversion efficiency of 6.96% and 7.26% based on short and long TiO2 nanorods is higher than that of conventional amorphous TiO2 thin films. Using Ti02 nanorod film can reduce the defects in the electron transport layer and interface, reduce the composite loss induced by the defects in the electron transport and collection process, and increase the short-circuit current and filling factor. To achieve high efficiency photoelectric conversion performance. 2. Different amorphous TiOx electron transport layers are prepared and used in inverted heterojunction polymer solar cells based on PBDTTT-C:PC7iBM system. The photowetting effect of the device was studied. 1) the conventional amorphous TiOx-a thin films were prepared by sol-gel method. The conventional TiOx-a thin films were prepared by using 254nm strong ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation in air and nitrogen environment, respectively. The conventional TiOx-a thin films were characterized by poor morphology. There are a number of organic functional groups and surface hydroxyl groups and low concentration of oxygen vacancies TiOx-a UV-air) thin film morphology is good, there are a large number of surface hydroxyl groups and low concentration of oxygen vacancy TiOx-a UVN2) thin film morphology is excellent. There are few surface hydroxyl groups and high oxygen vacancy. 2) the device based on the TiOx-a- UV-N2) electron transport layer can realize the energy conversion efficiency of 7.79%, effectively eliminate the photowetting effect and improve the device stability. The energy conversion efficiency of the device based on TiOx-a and TiOx-a / O UV-air layer is low, which is 5.98% and 3.27, respectively, and the photoelectrical properties of both kinds of devices are studied. The trapping effect and the charge accumulation effect at the interface of amorphous TiOx electron transport layer lead to the photowetting effect. By regulating the kinds and concentrations of defects in TiOx films, CS-doped Ch _ 3NH _ 3PbI _ 3o MAPbI _ 3C _ s-NRs _ 3 perovskite thin films were prepared by two-step solution deposition method and used as Guang Min layer in planar perovskite solar cells. The effect of Cs doping in two-step solution deposition can effectively control the growth of perovskite grains, improve the morphology of the films, and realize nanorods on the surface of the films. The chemical formula of the film is: MA0.95Cs0.05PbI3, while in one-step solution deposition, CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films with the same Cs doping concentration will not have similar nanorods structure. 2) the energy conversion efficiency of MAPbI3(Cs)-NRs planar perovskite solar cells is 16.21, which is much higher than that of pure MAPbI3 devices (12.98%), and the photocurrent-electric suppression is effective. The hysteresis effect of the voltage curve. 3) the carrier transport kinetics of the device shows that, Based on the good hole transport interface of MAPbI3(Cs)-NRS devices, the trapping trapping effect and the trapping induced recombination loss caused by ion migration effect during carrier transmission are effectively reduced, and the efficient photoelectric conversion performance is realized.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM914.4

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