天然气井口余压发电设备及关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 05:34

本文选题：天然气　切入点：压能发电　出处：《重庆科技学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在国际油气价格持续低迷的形势下,如何降本增效是石油行业企业面临的一个难题。目前国内在天然气开采过程中,井口天然气自身携带的巨大压能没能被利用,如果能把这部分清洁能量回收利用对生产企业降本增效有着重要的意义。针对以上情况,本文在分析天然气生产工艺的基础上,提出了一种将天然气压能转化为机械能进行发电的方案;应用天然气膨胀降压做功理论从理论对天然气压能做功进行了分析;在此基础上试制了天然气余压发电试验样机以压缩空气为工作介质进行了室内压能发电试验;试验中该装置能够发出有效电流,验证了天然气余压发电技术的理论可行性。在室内试验的基础上,将天然气余压发电试验样机应用于梁平作业区天东87井和川东北气矿铁山北101-X2井进行现场试验。经过长时间的试验运行,装置运行状态平稳,能够发出稳定的电能,验证了余压发电技术工程应用的可行性。现场试验暴露出该装置的一些问题,如实际发电量偏小、密封不完善等问题。针对第一次现场试验中反映出的问题,结合晏家站天然气工况,使用计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamic CFD)技术对喷嘴和压力驱动叶轮进行了选型;设计和试制了磁力联轴器替代传统的联轴器结构,将原来需要动密封的旋转结构通过隔离罩转变成静密封结构,从根本上解决了天然气的泄漏问题;结合第一次试验样机相关部件,初步完成了天然气余压发电装置结构设计,试制了天然气余压发电装置试验样机,在晏家天然气站进行了第二次现场试验。晏家站现场试验结果表明,装置运行稳定,密封结构良好,天然气余压发电装置发电效率约为60%,发出的电能能够满足部分现场生活使用。充分说明天然气余压发电设备对回收井口天然气压能、对企业降本增效有着重要的意义,该装置具有广阔的市场推广应用价值。
[Abstract]:In a situation where international oil and gas prices continue to be low, how to reduce the cost and increase efficiency is a difficult problem for oil industry enterprises. At present, in the process of natural gas production in China, the huge pressure energy carried by the wellhead natural gas itself has not been used. If we can recycle this part of clean energy, it is of great significance for the production enterprises to reduce the cost and increase efficiency. In view of the above situation, this paper analyzes the natural gas production process, A scheme of converting natural gas pressure energy into mechanical energy for power generation is put forward, and the natural gas pressure energy work is analyzed from the theory of natural gas expansion and pressure reduction. On the basis of this, the test prototype of natural gas residual pressure power generation has been developed, in which the compressed air is used as the working medium for the indoor pressurized power generation test, and the device can emit an effective current in the test. The theoretical feasibility of natural gas residual pressure power generation technology is verified. The test prototype of natural gas residual pressure power generation is applied to the field test of Tiandong 87 well in Liangping operation area and Tieshan 101-X2 well in northeast Sichuan gas mine. After a long period of test operation, the operation state of the device is stable and stable electric energy can be emitted. The feasibility of the engineering application of residual pressure power generation technology is verified. Some problems of the device are exposed in the field test, such as small actual power generation, imperfect seal, etc. In view of the problems reflected in the first field test, Combined with the natural gas condition of Yanjia station, the nozzle and pressure-driven impeller were selected by using Computational fluid Dynamics (CFD) technology, and the magnetic coupling was designed and manufactured to replace the traditional coupling structure. The rotating structure that needs dynamic seal is changed into static seal structure by isolating cover, and the leakage problem of natural gas is solved fundamentally. Combined with the related parts of the first test prototype, the structure design of natural gas residual pressure generating device is preliminarily completed. The test prototype of the natural gas residual pressure generating unit was produced and the second field test was carried out at the Yanjia natural gas station. The results of the field test at the Yanjia station showed that the device operated stably and the sealing structure was good. The generation efficiency of the natural gas residual pressure generating unit is about 60, and the electric energy emitted can meet the needs of part of the field life. It fully shows that the natural gas residual pressure generating equipment is of great significance for recovering the natural gas pressure energy at the wellhead and reducing the cost and increasing efficiency of the enterprise. The device has broad market application value.
【学位授予单位】：重庆科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM619

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