钙钛矿型太阳能电池的稳定性及大面积制备的研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 08:49

本文选题：钙钛矿太阳能电池　切入点：活性层　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着化石燃料等不可再生能源的不断消耗,人类面临的能源危机日趋重。因此,可再生能源太阳能越来越受到人们的重视。作为第三代太阳能电池,钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)的活性层具有极高的消光系数,较大的载流子扩散长度及双极性载流子传输等性能成为研究热点。实现商业化应用,必须在提高光电转化效率的基础上,逐步提高PSCs在空气中的稳定性,突破器件大面积制备的瓶颈。本论文通过界面调控法制备高效钙钛矿太阳能电池,同时器件的稳定性得到了极大地提高;另外通过喷墨打印法制备出厚度均匀,粗糙度低及微米级钙钛矿晶粒尺寸的钙钛矿薄膜,从而实现了大面积高性能太阳能电池的制备,主要研究内容包括:1.将高聚物聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)溶于二-甲氧基乙醇中旋涂于空穴传输层VOX上,通过对比处理前后钙钛矿前驱体溶液接触角,发现处理前后接触角由30.9°减小为15.1°,界面浸润性得到了提高。制备出的钙钛矿薄膜,通过顶层扫描电镜(SEM)发现,经过PEI处理后的薄膜覆盖率由70%提高到了95%左右;截面SEM表明,处理后的钙钛矿厚度从290 nm提高至320 nm;X射线衍射(XRD)表明,经过PEI处理后,钙钛矿结晶性得到了提高。2.制备器件结构为FTO/VOX/CH_3NH_3PbI_XCl_(3-X)/PCBM/LiF/Al的太阳能电池,发现由于钙钛矿薄膜厚度提高增加了光的吸收,经过PEI处理后的器件量子效率得到了提升,J-V曲线发现器件的短路电流密度提高,最高效率达到了14.4%,稳态PL及电化学阻抗进一步证明器件性能的提升。由于PEI的吸水性,将另外一层PEI薄层至于PCBM/PEI/LiF/Al,优化后的器件至于自然条件下,经过10天后,器件效率下降不到10%,然而参考器件经过同样的条件,效率下降了90%左右,相关实验表明该界面处理可以大大提高器件在空气中的稳定性。3.选用超浸润介孔二氧化钛作为喷墨打印基底,将PbI_2溶于DMF、DMSO及两者的混合液中,配置出质量分数为20%的溶液。通过DMP2831喷墨打印机制备碘化铅薄膜,通过调节打印参数、基板温度及退火时间,主要因为DMF和DMSO熔点及挥发性不同;由于溶剂挥发速度慢,沸点高,纯DMSO溶液制备的PbI_2薄膜表面粗糙度达到200 nm以上。混合溶液制备出的PbI_2薄膜平整度较好,后期经过碘甲胺(MAI)处理后发现,形成的钙钛矿薄膜表面粗糙度为30 nm左右,晶粒尺寸达到微米级别。4.通过喷墨打印制备器件结构为FTO/c-TiO_2/m-TiO_2/CH_3NH_3PbI_3/spiro-OMeTAD/Au的太阳能电池,通过IPCE、J-V曲线表明电池开路电压和短路电流得到了提升,稳态PL、电化学阻抗也验证了这一点。最终获得最高效率达到了18.12%。打印有效面积为10 cm2的太阳能电池,其效率高达10%以上,是目前报道的喷墨打印制备太阳能电池的最高效率。
[Abstract]:With the continuous consumption of non-renewable energy such as fossil fuels, the energy crisis facing mankind is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, renewable energy solar energy has been paid more and more attention. As the third generation solar cells, The active layer of perovskite solar cell (PSCs) has a very high extinction coefficient, and the large carrier diffusion length and bipolar carrier transport have become the research focus. To realize commercial application, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of photoelectric conversion. The stability of PSCs in air is improved step by step, and the bottleneck of large area fabrication of PSCs is broken through. In this paper, the high efficiency perovskite solar cells are fabricated by interfacial control method, and the stability of the devices is greatly improved. In addition, the thin films with uniform thickness, low roughness and micron perovskite grain size were prepared by inkjet printing method, which realized the preparation of large area and high performance solar cells. The main research contents include: 1. The polyethyleneimide (PEI) solution soluble in dimethoxy ethanol is rotated on the hole transport layer VOX, and the contact angle of perovskite precursor solution is compared before and after treatment. It was found that the contact angle decreased from 30.9 掳to 15.1 掳before and after treatment, and the interfacial wettability of the perovskite films was improved. It was found that the coverage of perovskite films after PEI treatment was increased from 70% to 95%, and the cross-section SEM showed that the perovskite films were prepared by SEM. The increase of perovskite thickness from 290nm to 320nm X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the crystallinity of perovskite is improved by PEI treatment. A solar cell with FTO/VOX/CH_3NH_3PbI_XCl_(3-X)/PCBM/LiF/Al structure is prepared. It is found that the increase of the thickness of perovskite film increases the absorption of light, and the quantum efficiency of the device treated by PEI increases the short-circuit current density of the device. The highest efficiency reached 14.4%. The steady-state PL and electrochemical impedance further proved the improvement of the device performance. Because of the water absorption of PEI, the other layer of PEI thin layer was turned into PCBM / PEI / LiF / Al, and the optimized device under natural conditions, after 10 days, The efficiency of the device has decreased by less than 10 percent, but the efficiency of the reference device has decreased by about 90% under the same conditions. The experimental results show that the interface treatment can greatly improve the stability of the device in air. The superwetting mesoporous titanium dioxide is selected as the inkjet printing substrate, and the PbI_2 is dissolved in the DMF DMSO and the mixture of the two. A solution with a mass fraction of 20%. Lead iodide film was prepared by DMP2831 inkjet printer. By adjusting printing parameters, substrate temperature and annealing time, mainly because of the different melting point and volatility of DMF and DMSO, the solvent volatilized slowly. The surface roughness of PbI_2 thin film prepared by pure DMSO solution is more than 200nm. The surface roughness of PbI_2 film prepared by mixed solution is good. The surface roughness of perovskite film is about 30 nm after the treatment of iodomethylamine (mai). The grain size reaches micron level .4.The solar cells with FTO/c-TiO_2/m-TiO_2/CH_3NH_3PbI_3/spiro-OMeTAD/Au structure are fabricated by inkjet printing. The open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current are increased by IPCE-J-V curve. The steady-state PLand electrochemical impedance also verifies this point. The maximum efficiency is 18.12. The efficiency of printing solar cells with an effective area of 10 cm2 is more than 10%, which is the highest efficiency of the reported solar cells prepared by inkjet printing.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM914.4

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