非接触式励磁异态系统优化设计和谐振补偿策略的研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 10:41

本文选题：新能源汽车　切入点：感应耦合电能传输　出处：《哈尔滨理工大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前混合动力汽车凭借其动力总成配备优良、能量利用率高和低污染的特点,成为新能源汽车中的佼佼者。其驱动电机内的滑环和电刷结构会在车辆正常运行时带来潜在的交通隐患。当行车中需要输入励磁功率或励磁电流变大时,电刷和滑环相接触的部分会带来电阻值的急剧上升,使其温升迅速提高,带来结构上的不稳定。有时会伴随着电机内部环火现象的发生;滑环和电刷在行车中会给车载电子控制单元带来很大的电磁干扰,严重时会使控制部分失灵;由于电刷本身材质的劣势,其会在电机运行时带来细微碳粉的扩散现象,严重时会发生短路,造成更为严重的后果。为解决上述几大问题,本文在结合感应耦合电能传输(Inductively Coupled Power Transfer,ICPT)技术的基础上,利用其在无电气接触时可以进行能量传输的优势,将其应用于电机无刷励磁,最大限度的避免电刷和滑环对电机运行带来的不良影响。本文以感应耦合电能传输技术为依托,松耦合旋转励磁变压器(Loosely Coupled Rotating Excitation Transformer, LCRET)为核心,设计一种新型无刷励磁系统,即非接触式励磁异态系统(Contactless Excitation Heterogeneous System,CEHS),该系统所设计的电机本身取消电刷和滑环等装置,在真正意义上实现无刷励磁,同时其还具有减轻电机重量、提高可靠性、降低成本、带来更为简单的电机结构以及更宽的调速范围的优势。本文着重对电机无刷励磁、感应耦合电能传输技术两部分的国内外研究现状、应用领域和最新发展进行详细介绍。给出非接触式励磁异态系统无刷励磁的整体结构,依据其运行机理设计出机电一体化安装方案;建立松耦合旋转励磁变压器毗连型和嵌入式两种绕制拓扑物理模型、磁阻模型和等效电路模型。针对松耦合旋转励磁变压器进行优化设计,给出全耦合理想状态和带有励磁电感的模型;阐述磁化电感和漏电感计算过程,对含有漏感的磁路进行详细的分析,给出松耦合旋转励磁变压器的漏感模型和互感模型;给出毗连型绕制方式的优化设计;给出更为合理明确的耦合系数的定义和有损模型;采用利兹线作为绕线给出毗连型和嵌入式实际绕制方案。通过ANSOFT MAXWELL仿真平台对非接触式励磁异态系统和无线电能传输之间的等效性进行验证;在此基础上给出非接触式励磁异态系统的最优绕制拓扑。针对漏感带来的效率问题,通过MATLAB仿真平台,采用基波分析法(First Harmonic Approximation,FHA),对非接触式励磁的异态系统的不同谐振补偿策略进行详细的性能分析。对比各种谐振补偿的增益和性能,给出最为适合的非接触式励磁异态系统的谐振补偿策略。针对非接触式励磁异态系统松耦合复杂的谐振控制问题,采用广义状态空间平均法(Generalized State Space Averaging,GSSA)进行建模,简化由于松耦合旋转励磁变压器带来的电路模型复杂程度,并对其合理性进行验证。在此基础上采用自抗扰技术(Active Disturbance Rejection Control,ADRC)控制算法对非接触式励磁异态系统谐振补偿进行控制,仿真结果验证ADRC在谐振控制上的可行性。针对非接触式励磁异态系统机电一体化,全面设计非接触式励磁异态系统的半桥逆变部分、全波整流部分、谐振补偿部分。搭建非接触式励磁异态系统的试验样机,主要对两部分的试验进行测试验证:对不同拓扑下松耦合旋转励磁变压器的输出特性,在实验的角度证明所设计最优绕制拓扑的准确性。最后给出发电特性、效率曲线、温升曲线等实验结果和相应的结果分析,验证所设计的非接触式励磁异态系统的可行性。最后对本文的主要研究工作和创新性成果进行归纳总结。非接触式励磁异态系统在不占用电机额外的体积、不改变原有电机的主体结构的同时,真正意义上实现电机的无刷励磁。同时可令电机结构更加紧凑、提高电机的可靠性、减轻电机重量、带来更宽的调速范围,该励磁系统既可应用于电励磁无刷电机中,还可应用于复合励磁无刷电机中,为无刷励磁提供新的思路。
[Abstract]:The hybrid electric vehicle powertrain equipped with its excellent characteristics, high energy efficiency and low pollution, has become a leader in new energy vehicles. Its driving motor in the slip ring and brush structure will bring potential danger to traffic in the normal operation of the vehicle. When the input excitation power or excitation current increases in traffic, brush and slip ring contact part will bring a sharp rise in resistance value, the temperature rise increases rapidly, leads to structural instability. Sometimes accompanied by a motor internal ring fire phenomena; slip rings and brushes in the road to the vehicle electronic control unit will bring strong electromagnetic interference, which will make the the control part of the failure; because the brush material weaknesses, the diffusion phenomenon will bring fine powder when the motor is running, short-circuit will be serious, resulting in more serious consequences. In order to solve the above several The big problem, can be transmitted in inductively coupled power (Inductively Coupled Power Transfer, ICPT) on the basis of technology, it can use energy transmission in non electrical contact when the advantages of its application in brushless excitation, avoid the maximum brush and slip ring to bring adverse effects on the operation of the motor in this paper. Inductive coupled power transfer technology based on loosely coupled transformer excitation (Loosely Coupled Rotating rotation Excitation Transformer, LCRET) as the core, design a new type of brushless excitation system, namely the non-contact excitation system (Contactless Excitation Heterogeneous of System, CEHS), the system design of the motor itself to cancel the brush and slip ring other devices, to achieve brushless excitation in a real sense, at the same time it also can reduce the weight of the motor, improve the reliability, reduce the cost, more simple structure of electric motor to And in a wide speed range. In this paper, the advantages of brushless excitation of the motor, the present research situation of domestic and foreign transmission technology the two part of the inductively coupled power, introduces the latest development and application fields. The whole structure is given non-contact excitation of brushless excitation system, on the basis of the operation mechanism design of electromechanical integration installation plan; building loosely coupled transformer adjacent rotating excitation type and embedded two winding topology model, reluctance model and equivalent circuit model for loosely coupled rotating excitation transformer design are reasonable to state and with a full coupling excitation inductance model; describes the magnetizing inductance and leakage inductance calculation process, a detailed analysis the magnetic circuit containing leakage inductance, leakage inductance and mutual inductance model model are loosely coupled rotating excitation transformer; optimization design system is given adjacent type winding as given; Clear the coupling coefficient and damage model; using the Liz line as the winding type and are adjacent to the actual embedded winding scheme. Through the ANSOFT MAXWELL simulation platform for non-contact excitation of radio system and can verify the equivalence between the optimal transmission; based on this non-contact excitation of the system the winding leakage problem. According to the topology efficiency, through the simulation platform of MATLAB, using fundamental analysis method (First Harmonic Approximation, FHA), different resonant compensation strategy different state system for non contact type excitation in a detailed analysis of the performance gain and performance comparison of various resonant compensation, the resonant compensation strategy is given the non-contact excitation system suitable for different states. The resonant control problem for non-contact excitation of loosely coupled system complex, using the generalized state space averaging method (Generali Zed State Space Averaging, GSSA) model, simplified circuit model due to loosely coupled rotating excitation transformer brings complexity, and its rationality is verified. Based on ADRC Technology (Active Disturbance Rejection Control, ADRC) to control the contactless resonant excitation of the system compensation control algorithm, simulation the results verify the feasibility of ADRC in resonant control. For non-contact excitation system of electromechanical integration, overall design part of the half bridge inverter non-contact excitation of the system, full wave rectifier, resonant compensation. The experimental prototype building non-contact excitation system of different states, mainly to verify the test two part the output characteristics of different topology of loosely coupled rotating excitation transformer, prove the accuracy design of optimal winding topology in the experimental point of view. Finally starting to Electrical characteristics, efficiency curve, analysis of the temperature rise curves of the experimental results and the corresponding results, the feasibility of non-contact excitation of system and check the design. At the end of the main research work and innovative achievements are summarized. The non-contact excitation system with abnormal volume of extra motor in not accounted for, not changing the main structure of the original motor and brushless excitation motor to realize the true sense. At the same time can make the machine more compact structure, improve the reliability of the motor, reduce the weight of the motor has a wide speed range, the excitation system can be applied to the electric excitation brushless motor, but also can be applied to non hybrid excitation in a brushless motor, to provide new ideas for the brushless excitation.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM724

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